Introduction

Many people prefer herbal drugs over allopathic drugs. Since ancient times crude plant drugs have been used to overcome many diseases. Churna is a traditional Ayurvedic formulation. Talisadi churna is a well-known polyherbal formulation included in the classical text Sarangdharsamhita. The ayurvedic formulary may define churna as a fine powder of one or more ingredients in dried form. Talisadi churna composition has eight ingredients: Abies webbiana, Piper nigrum, Zingiber officinale, Piper longum, Bombusa bombos, Elettaria cardamomum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and sugar. The main ingredient of Talisadi churna is ginger. Talisadi churna may work against stomach disorders like flatulence, indigestion, diarrhoea, constipation and various respiratory diseases like cough and asthma^1,​​²​.​ Let us discuss the health benefits of Talisadi churna, its nutritional composition, properties, uses and more.

Talisadi Churna Composition

The following are the ingredients of Talisadi churna: 

• Abies webbiana: 1 g
• Piper longum: 4 g
• Piper nigrum: 2 g
• Zingiber officinale: 3 g
• Cinnamomum zeylanicum: ½ g
• Elettaria cardamomum: ½ g
• Bambosa arundinaceae: 5 g
• Sugar: 32 g

Ingredients of Talisadi churna composition in grams². 

Furthermore, other biologically active compounds like fats, glycoside, flavonoids, tannins alkaloids, steroids, saponins, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds may also be present in Talisadi churna^1,​​². 

I came across a study that tested the effectiveness of Talisadi Churna for the management of anaemia. Guess what? After 30 days, it was found that Talisadi Churna played a positive role in reducing the symptoms related to metabolic defects⁶.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Talisadi Churna

Talisadi Patra churna may include the following properties: 

• It may have antihistaminic actions (reduce allergies) 
• It may have anti-inflammatory effects 
• It may relieve stomach pain 
• It may use as an appetizer 
• It may increase digestion 
• It may reduce flatulence 
• It may act as an expectorant (remover cough) 
• It may have antibacterial activity^2,5.​

Potential Uses of Talisadi Churna

The following may be the potential uses of Talisadi churna: 

1. Potential Uses of Talisadi Churna for Bronchial Asthma

Bronchial asthma is identified by an excessive cough, wheezing and chest tightness which may be caused due to inflammation of the airway and increased bronchial responsiveness. Talisadi churna may have anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic effects, which might help against bronchial asthma. In addition, it may be used to manage Kaas (cough) and Shwas (Asthma). Hence, Talisadi churna may be considered a valuable alternative for various respiratory diseases, including Tamakshwaas (inflammation of the bronchi)³. More human studies are needed to support the use of Talisadi churna for bronchial asthma. Bronchial asthma is a serious disease therefore, it requires proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Consult a qualified physician, and do not self-medicate. 

2. Potential Uses of Talisadi Churna for Digestion

Talisadi churna is an Ayurvedic herbal preparation containing ginger, pepper, cardamom, Cinnamomum and sugar. It may act as a stimulant to resolve digestive problems (Pachan). It may enhance the functions of the digestive system and increase the digestion process. It may help break down the food in the stomach and help all the nutrients get absorbed. It may also help reduce indigestion and flatulence with a gurgling sound^1,3. However, more information is needed and more human studies are required to support the uses of Talisadi churan for digestion. If you suffer from long-term digestive issues, consult a qualified doctor. Do not self-medicate. 

3. Potential Uses of Talisadi Churna for Cough

Talisadi churna may act as a cough medicine which might help loosen up the mucous and help expel cough. The ingredients of Talisadi churna might be effective in both types of coughs. Talisadi churna contains a high amount of misri (sugar), which may help during cough⁵. However, this information is insufficient more human studies are required to suggest the potential uses of Talisadi churan for cough. If you have a bad cough, take appropriate medicine and do not self-medicate. 

4. Potential Uses of Talisadi Churna for Appetite (Hunger)

Talisadi churna may be beneficial for people experiencing loss of appetite and having eating disorders such as anorexia (inability to eat/fear of eating). Talisadi churna may have stomachic properties it may help increase hunger. The daily intake of Talisadi churna may enhance the appetite and help a person eat better and maintain weight. Talisadi churna is composed of a variety of ingredients that may have a good amount of nutrients that may also help to overcome malabsorption syndrome (a condition in which the body lacks nutrient uptake)^1,3. Furthermore, clinical information is required to study the true extent of Talisadi churna in increasing one’s appetite. However it is advisable to visit your doctor if you experience a loss of appetite. Do not self-medicate. 

5. Potential Uses of Talisadi Churna for Stomach Infection

Certain pathogenic bacteria present in the stomach may be associated with causing infections like typhoid fever and enteric fever. Talisadi churna may have antibacterial activity against such pathogenic bacteria. A review by Tambekar et al. 2010 suggests that Talisadi churna may have the potential to overcome such stomach infections⁴. More information is needed to find more positive effects of Talisadi churna on stomach infections. If you have any infection or problem in your stomach, consult your doctor and do not self-medicate. 

6. Other Potential Uses of Talisadi Churna

The main ingredient of Talisadi churna is ginger it might help overcome diarrhoea and vomiting. Talisadi churna may have anti-inflammatory properties it might help lower body temperature during high fever as observed during the common cold and flu. Talisadi churna may contain enough amount iron that might overcome anaemia¹. 

Though studies show the potential uses of Talisadi churna in various conditions, still more are needed. There is a necessity for further studies to develop the scope of the benefits of Talisadi churna on human health.  

Let me share an interesting piece of information. Did you know that ginger, which is the main ingredient in Talisadi Churna, might help with wear and tear in your cells? That’s because ginger contains antioxidants, that protects your cells from damage caused by free radicals⁷.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Talisadi Churna?

You may use Talisadi churna: 

• It may be taken as is in the form of powder 
• It may be taken with some water. 

You should consult a qualified doctor before having Talisadi churna in large quantities. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing modern medical treatment with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation of Talisadi churna without consulting an ayurvedic physician. They will guide you with its form and dosage per your health condition. 

Side Effects of Talisadi Churna

There may be numerous health benefits of all the herbal ingredients of Talisadi churna. But it may be safe and beneficial when taken in the recommended dosage. However, excess consumption of Talisadi churna or taking it without doctors’ consultation might lead to harmful reactions. 

No significant study indications are reported related to the side effects of Talisadi churna in humans. Therefore, more studies on humans are needed to suggest the side effects of Talisadi churna. Therefore, you must consult your doctors to get the proper treatment if you encounter any side effects. 

Precautions to Take with Talisadi Churna

Taking Talisadi churna in small quantities might be safe. However, the following precautions are necessary:  

• People should not use Talisadi churna to self-medicate on their own. Instead it is essential to take a doctor’s advice and use it if recommended. 
• Pregnant and lactating women must consult doctors before having Talisadi churna. 
• One must take precautions while giving it to small children and the elderly as it might produce harmful effects. 

Interactions with Other Drugs

No study reports are available on the interaction of Talisadi churna with other drugs. Therefore, more human studies are needed to study the safe use of Talisadi churna in humans. Consult an Ayurvedic doctor they will guide you to a safe way to use it. 

Also Read: Hingwashtak Churna: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. ​​Shankar Shukla, Saraf S, Saraf S. Development and validation of spectrophotometric fingerprint method of 6-gingerol in the herbal formulation: Talisadi Churna. Research J Pharm and Tech. 2012;5(1):138–40. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289296564_Development_and_validation_of_spectrophotometric_fingerprint_method_of_6-gingerol_in_herbal_formulation_Talisadi_churna
2. Kichadi PC, Hiremath RS, Hullatti K, Professor A, Kuteera P. Comparative Physico-Chemical and Phyto-Chemical Analysis of Talisadi Churna to Different Market Samples. Interna J of Ayur and Pharma Res. 2019;7(6):17–21. Available from: https://imsear.searo.who.int/items/e5846c7a-db6b-4113-b55c-46d050478643
3. Madan P, Rathi B, Nagpure S, Kotecha R. Experimental Evaluation of Talisadi Suspension for Anti-Histaminic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities in Animal Models. Indian J of Foren Med & Toxico. 2020;14(4):6514–8. Available from: https://medicopublication.com/index.php/ijfmt/article/view/12629 
4. Tambekar D, Dahikar S. Exploring antibacterial potential of some ayurvedic preparations to control bacterial enteric infections. J Chem Pharm Res. 2010;2(5):494–501. Available from: https://www.jocpr.com/articles/exploring-antibacterial-potential-of-some-ayurvedic-preparations-to-control-bacterial-enteric-infections.pdf 
5. Shrestha S, Gautam S, Thasineku S, Shrestha J, Bharkher DL, Singh B. The Effectiveness of Taalishadi Churna Compared with Sitopaladi Churna in the Management of Kasa. Interna J of Res in AYUSH and Pharm Sci. 2021;4(12):470–7. Available from: https://ijraps.in/index.php/ijraps/article/view/99/95 
6. Yeola M, Markandey. Study of effect of Talisadi Churna in management of Pandu Roga (Anaemia) [Internet]. [place unknown]: [publisher unknown]; [year unknown] [cited 2025 Nov 13]. Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/STUDY-OF-EFFECT-OF-TALISADI-CHURNA-IN-MANAGEMENT-OF-Markandey-Yeola/6d66ca1d3d34e0ed48ba9ec1116bb1291cd15357
7. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Ginger Benefits [Internet]. Baltimore (MD): Johns Hopkins Medicine; c2025 [cited 2025 Nov 13]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/ginger-benefits

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any change

7

1

Introduction

Mangoes and summer seasons are a match made in heaven! The sweet and juicy taste coupled with countless health benefits justify why mango is called the “king of fruits”. Mangifera indica, mango or aam, is an important fruit in Ayurveda. It belongs to the genus Mangifera, and family Anacardiaceae which contains 30 different species. India ranks first among the major mango-producing countries. India is famous for its wide range of mango varieties, like Alphonso variety of Ratnagiri, Badami variety of Karnataka, Dasheri variety of Lucknow and Kesar variety of Gujarat to name a few. Mangoes are good for our taste buds and our health. They are also a rich source of fibre, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants like mangiferin and glucosyl xanthone. Let us read more about some mango benefits¹. 

Nutritional Value of Mango

Mango (Aam) is packed with various nutritional components that are given as follows. They are a good source of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants like mangiferin and glucosyl xanthone, and carotenes. 

• Energy: 60 kcal
• Carbohydrates: 14.98 g
• Fibre: 1.6 g
• Protein: 0.82 g
• Fat: 0.38 g
• Vitamin A: 1082 IU
• Potassium: 168 mg
• Vitamin C: 36.4 mg
• Phosphorus: 14 mg
• Calcium: 11 mg
• Magnesium: 10 mg
• Vitamin E: 1.12 mg
• Vitamin B3: 669 µg
• Iron: 160 µg
• Vitamin B5: 160 µg
• Vitamin B6: 119 µg
• Copper: 110 µg
• Zinc: 90 µg
• Folates: 43 µg
• Vitamin B2: 38 µg
• Vitamin B1: 28 µg
• Manganese: 27 µg
• Vitamin K: 4.2 µg

In my opinion, eating mangoes might be a way of giving your body a natural defence against certain diseases. Mangoes might have superpowers against certain types of cancers. Yes, it’s true! Thanks to the magical combination of beta-carotene and other special substances, mangoes might help against leukaemia and even slow down the progression of prostate and colon cancers¹¹.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Mango

The mango shows numerous scientifically proven properties; some of these properties are mentioned below: 

• It may have antioxidant properties. 
• It may act as an anticancer agent. 
• It may have anti-diabetic properties. 
• It may have cardio-protective properties. 
• It may have anti-ageing properties. 
• It might have an anti-inflammatory effect². 

Potential Uses of Mango for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of mango are described as follows: 

1. Potential Uses of Mango for Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers, leading to pre-mature death of females globally. Natural products are now becoming important sources for the discovery of anti-cancer agents. Mangifera indica may have the potential for the management of breast cancers. Banerjee et al. conducted a study in 2015 to assess the effect of mangoes on breast cancer xenografts in mice. This study³ showed that polyphenols like gallic acid, galloyl glycosides and gallotannins in mangoes might have a chemotherapeutic potential against breast cancer. This indicates that mangoes may help in managing breast cancer. However, more studies are required to support these claims. 

2. Potential Uses of Mango in Ulcerative Colitis 

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the colon and rectum. Mangoes may help in reducing inflammation because of the presence of polyphenols like gallotannins and gallic acid. Kim et al. conducted a study⁴ in 2016 to assess mango’s anti-inflammatory effects in a preclinical colitis model. The results of this study⁴ showed that mango consumption might help in managing ulcerative colitis. However, more human studies are required to ascertain these claims. 

From my perspective, eating mangoes can be a tasty solution to help with constipation. In a study¹², it was found that munching on mangoes might actually improve the symptoms of constipation. Thus, mangoes may be a delicious way to keep things flowing smoothly in your digestive system.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

3. Potential Uses of Mango for Managing Blood Glucose 

Fruits and vegetables are a rich source of bioactive compounds which may help in managing the blood glucose level. The study conducted by Evans et al. 2014 showed that mangoes may reduce blood glucose levels in both females and males. The mango contains tocopherols, carotenoids, dietary fibre, ascorbic acid, gallic acid, quercetin and mangiferin. These biologically active compounds may help in normalising blood glucose levels. However, to claim all these benefits further research and confirmation are needed. If you suspect high blood glucose levels, consult your doctor and do not self-medicate⁵. 

4. Potential Uses of Mango for Skin and Hair 

Mangoes, if consumed in moderate amounts, may help achieve healthy hair and nourished skin due to its high Vitamin A content. Additionally, mangoes may act as a natural sunblock by protecting our skin and hair from damage caused due to ultraviolet rays. Therefore, there is a possibility that the consumption of mango can benefit skin and hair, but we need more human studies⁶ to support these claims. If you have any skin and hair related problems, consult a doctor and do not self-medicate. 

5. Potential Uses of Mango for Managing Macular Degeneration 

Macular degeneration is a common eye disorder which causes vision loss. Mangoes are rich in antioxidants like lutein, zeaxanthin and Vitamin A, which may help deal with macular degeneration. Mango is also rich in carotene which may help in vision. Thus, it may indicate that consuming mango may help manage macular degeneration. However, there is a lack of studies⁶ to support these claims. 

6. Potential Uses of Mango on Nutrient Intake 

Mangoes are a good source of nutrients in the diet. The nutrient intake of mango consumers vs. non-consumers was obtained from the NHANES database. It was observed that people who consumed mangoes had a higher intake of magnesium, potassium, folate, Vitamin A, C and E and dietary fibre compared to the non-consumers. This may indicate that the consumption of mangoes can help improve nutrient intake and diet quality. However, more studies⁷ need to be conducted to support these claims. 

7. Other Potential Uses of Mango

• Mango may help reduce weight in those fighting with obesity⁶. 
• Being a good source of carotene, it may help improve vision⁶. 
• It may help improve digestion because of the presence of amylases which helps in the breakdown of foods⁶. 
• It may help in boosting immunity because of the presence of Vitamin A and C⁶. 
• It may help increase your good cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein) level⁸. 

Though there are studies that show the benefits of Mango in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Mango on human health.  

Let me tell you a secret. Mangoes are not just delicious; they’re also packed with a special ingredient called mangiferin! This fancy-sounding compound can be found in various parts of the mango fruit, like the peel, stalks, leaves, barks, kernel, and even the stone. Mangiferin might be just the secret weapon as it is high in antioxidants¹³.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Mango?

This super versatile fruit can be used in the following ways: 

• Mangoes can be consumed directly after being thoroughly washed and peeled. 
• It is also used to make juice, jams, jellies, chutneys, ice creams and smoothies². 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements or mangoes in large quantities. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Also Read: Jackfruit (Kathal): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Side Effects of Mango

A few side effects related to the consumption of mango include: 

• After consuming certain mango species, some people may experience throat pain or allergy (stomach pain, sneezing and runny nose). 
• Consuming mangoes in excess can result in gastrointestinal problems like stomach pain, indigestion and diarrhoea⁹. 

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to mango, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms. 

Precautions to Take with Mango

Eating mango is beneficial if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the given conditions: 

• It is advised to soak mangoes in water for about an hour before consumption. This increases the absorption of vitamins and minerals present in mangoes. 
• It is advised to avoid consuming mangoes along with meals, as it can result in weight gain and spike postprandial blood glucose⁹. 

Also Read: Water Apple: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, And More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

Mangoes inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are known to metabolize certain drugs like warfarin, propranolol, theophylline, etc. Inhibition of these enzymes can alter the blood concentration of drugs metabolized by this pathway. Therefore, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of raw mangoes with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking¹⁰. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Shah KA, Patel MB, Patel RJ, Parmar PK. Mangifera indica (mango). Pharmacogn Rev. 2010 Jan;4(7):42-8. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.65325. PMID: 22228940; PMCID: PMC3249901. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249901/ 

2. Lauricella, Marianna et al. “Multifaceted Health Benefits of Mangifera indica L. (Mango): The Inestimable Value of Orchards Recently Planted in Sicilian Rural Areas.” Nutrients vol. 9,5 525. 20 May. 2017, doi:10.3390/nu9050525. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5452255/ 

3. Banerjee Nivedita, Kim Hyemee, Krenek Kimberly, Talcott Stephen T., Mertens-Talcott Susanne U., Mango polyphenolics suppressed tumor growth in breast cancer xenografts in mice: Role of the PI3K/AKT pathway and associated microRNAs, Nutrition Research (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.06.00. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0271531715001360 

4. Kim, Hyemee et al. “Comparison of anti-inflammatory mechanisms of mango (Mangifera Indica L.) and pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) in a preclinical model of colitis.” Molecular nutrition & food research vol. 60,9 (2016): 1912-23. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201501008. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5026564/ 

5. Evans, Shirley F et al. “Mango supplementation improves blood glucose in obese individuals.” Nutrition and metabolic insights vol. 7 77-84. 28 Aug. 2014, doi:10.4137/NMI.S17028. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4155986/  

6. Garg, D.P. (2022) 9 health benefits of mangoes – weight loss, immunity, good for skin & more – pharmeasy, PharmEasy Blog. Available at: https://pharmeasy.in/blog/health-benefits-of-mangoes/ (Accessed: November 25, 2022). 

7. Papanikolaou, Yanni, and Victor L Fulgoni 3rd. “Mango Consumption Is Associated with Improved Nutrient Intakes, Diet Quality, and Weight-Related Health Outcomes.” Nutrients vol. 14,1 59. 24 Dec. 2021, doi:10.3390/nu14010059. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8746860/ 

8. O’Hara, Crystal et al. “Acute Freeze-Dried Mango Consumption With a High-Fat Meal has Minimal Effects on Postprandial Metabolism, Inflammation and Antioxidant Enzymes.” Nutrition and metabolic insights vol. 12 1178638819869946. 19 Aug. 2019, doi:10.1177/1178638819869946. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6700848/ 

9.  Singh, S. (2022) Mango benefits: 25 healthy reasons to eat mangoes – fitelo, Mango Benefits 25 Healthy Reasons To Eat Mangoes Comments. Available at: https://fitelo.co/mango-benefits/ (Accessed: November 25, 2022).   

10. Rodríguez-Fragoso, L., Martínez-Arismendi, J.L., Orozco-Bustos, D., Reyes-Esparza, J., Torres, E. and Burchiel, S.W. (2011), Potential Risks Resulting from Fruit/Vegetable–Drug Interactions: Effects on Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Drug Transporters. Journal of Food Science, 76: R112-R124. Available at: https://ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02155.x 
11. Lebaka VR, Wee YJ, Ye W, Korivi M. Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Compounds in Three Different Parts of Mango Fruit. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 16;18(2):741. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020741. PMID: 33467139; PMCID: PMC7830918. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7830918/
12. Venancio VP, Kim H, Sirven MA, Tekwe CD, Honvoh G, Talcott ST, Mertens-Talcott SU. Polyphenol-rich Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Ameliorate Functional Constipation Symptoms in Humans beyond Equivalent Amount of Fiber. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 Jun;62(12):e1701034. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201701034. Epub 2018 May 29. PMID: 29733520. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29733520/
13. Imran M, Arshad MS, Butt MS, Kwon JH, Arshad MU, Sultan MT. Mangiferin: a natural miracle bioactive compound against lifestyle related disorders. Lipids Health Dis. 2017 May 2;16(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s12944-017-0449-y. PMID: 28464819; PMCID: PMC5414237. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5414237/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

16

1

Introduction

Mulberry, scientifically known as Morus alba, belongs to the family Morceau. It is considered one of the most significant medicinal plants, valued for its wide-ranging therapeutic uses. The Latin word ‘mor-us’, meaning “oddly enough,” is believed to have influenced the origin of the word “maul.” The genus Morus includes several notable species, such as the native red mulberry (Morus rubra), the East Asian white mulberry (Morus alba), and the southwestern Asian black mulberry (Morus nigra)^1,2.  

The fruits of mulberry are known as toot or shahtoot (meaning king’s mulberry) are sweet, juicy, and mouth-watering. These fruits grow on deciduous trees found in temperate regions including India, China, Japan, North Africa, Arabia, and Southern Europe. The leaves of the mulberry tree are the sole food source for silkworms and have significant value in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Owing to its diverse benefits, the tree is often referred to as Kalpavriksha, or the “wish-fulfilling tree”^2,3. 

Nutritional Value of Mulberry

Mulberry contains a variety of valuable nutritional components. The fruits are particularly rich in organic compounds such as zeaxanthin, anthocyanins, phytonutrients, lutein, resveratrol, and a broad spectrum of other polyphenolic compounds. 

Nutritional value of mulberry (raw fruit) per 100 gram⁴: 

• Total fat: 0.39 g 
• Total carbohydrate: 9.8 g 
• Dietary fibre: 1.7 g 
• Sodium: 10 mg 
• Calcium: 39 mg 
• Iron: 1.85 mg 
• Potassium: 194 mg 
• Protein: 1.44 g 
• Vitamin C: 36.4 mg 
• Vitamin E: 0.87 mg 
• Vitamin K: 7.8 µg 
• Vitamin B1: 0.029 mg 
• Vitamin B2: 0.101 mg 
• Vitamin B3: 0.62 mg 
• Vitamin B6: 0.05 mg 
• Folate: 6 µg 

Properties of Mulberry (Shahtoot)

Several studies have found that the extracts from various parts of the mulberry plant may possess a range of properties that could support health and wellbeing, as outlined below²:  

• Anti-inflammatory (may reduce inflammation and swelling)   
• Anti-pyretic (may help to reduce fever)  
• Anthelmintic (may be used to destroy some types of parasitic worms)   
• May help slow the formation of abnormal blood clots   
• May help in reducing the build-up of fatty deposits on arterial walls 
• May have cholesterol-lowering properties   
• May support healthy blood sugar levels 
• Considered beneficial for skin and hair health 

From ​my ​experience, I can say that mulberries offer remarkable potential benefits. Due to their rich content of vitamin C and iron, mulberries may help support individuals with anaemia by contributing to improved iron absorption and overall blood health. However, their use should always be discussed with a healthcare professional⁹.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Mulberry for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of mulberry are described as follows:  

1. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Red Blood Cells

Mulberry is rich in iron, a mineral not commonly found in high amounts in most fruits. The presence of iron may support the production of red blood cells, which in turn helps improve the delivery of oxygen to the body’s organs and tissues. This suggests that mulberries might contribute to a healthy metabolism and support the optimal functioning of various bodily systems⁴.  

2. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Digestion 

Mulberries may help to improve digestion as they contain high dietary fibre content. The dietary fibre obtained from a single serving of mulberries is about 1.85 mg for a 100 grams serving⁴. The dietary fibre in mulberries adds bulk to the stool, which helps to enhance the movement of food through the digestive tract, thereby supporting healthy digestion. This may be beneficial in managing common digestive issues such as stomach cramps, bloating, and constipation³.  

3. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Eyes 

Mulberry fruits contain carotenoids, one of which is zea-xanthin. Zea-xanthin acts as an antioxidant and may have potential benefits to maintain retinal health. Free radicals lead to degeneration of the central part of the retina called the macula and may lead to cataracts. Zea-xanthin from mulberry fruits may be able to reduce oxidative stress on the retinal cells due to these free radicals. Thus, it may indicate that mulberry may have the potential to slow down cataract formation³. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential effects of mulberries on cataract development and progression in the human eye. 

4. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Cancer 

Mulberry is rich in antioxidants such as vitamin A, vitamin C, anthocyanins, and various other polyphenolic compounds. Antioxidants play a key role in defending the body against free radicals, which are harmful by-products of cellular metabolism. These free radicals can damage healthy cells and may contribute to the mutation of normal cells into cancerous ones. Antioxidants found in mulberries may help neutralise these free radicals, potentially reducing the extent of cellular damage they cause³. Further research is necessary to determine the effects of mulberries on free radicals linked to cancer development. 

5. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Diabetes 

The extract of mulberry leaves may play a role in catalysing the metabolism of glucose. Animal studies¹ have shown that mulberry leaf extract may help lower high blood glucose levels. However, human studies are needed to assess the effects of mulberries on blood glucose levels in people². 

6. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Immunity 

Mulberry is a particularly rich source of vitamin C. Vitamin C contributes to the maintenance of a healthy immune system. A single cup of mulberries can provide approximately the daily recommended amount of vitamin C³. However, any claims regarding the effects of mulberries on immunity require further scientific validation, and their use should be guided by qualified healthcare professionals. 

7. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Skin and Hair 

Mulberry fruits contain significant amounts of vitamins A and E, as well as various carotenoids. These compounds act as antioxidants, which may help protect the skin, hair, and other tissues from damage caused by free radicals. Antioxidants are believed to contribute to maintaining a smooth skin appearance and may support healthy, shiny hair. However, further scientific research is needed to confirm these effects, and mulberries should be used as part of a balanced diet rather than as a treatment³. Mulberry may have a role in managing oily or acne-prone skin by potentially reducing oil secretion and inflammation². However, further research is required to fully understand its potential benefits and safety in humans.  

8. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Heart

Mulberry leaves contain a flavonoid called resveratrol, which may help relax blood vessels by increasing the production of nitric oxide (NO), a natural vasodilator. This effect could potentially reduce the risk of blood clot formation. While these properties suggest possible cardiovascular benefits, including support for heart health, further research is needed to confirm these effects in humans^2,6. However, current studies are insufficient to conclusively establish the effects of mulberries on human heart health, and further research is required to validate these potential benefits. 

9. Other Potential Uses of Mulberry

• The leaves of mulberry may be used as an emollient, helping to soften or soothe the skin.  
• The juice of the mulberry leaves may have a beneficial effect on throat inflammation and irritation¹.  

While some studies suggest potential benefits of mulberries for various conditions, the current evidence is limited. Further research is necessary to establish the full extent of their effects on human health.   

I suggest considering mulberry as part of a balanced diet to support weight management. Mulberry may assist in this regard by potentially inhibiting lipid absorption, according to some studies. However, further research is needed to fully understand its effects¹⁰.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Mulberry?

Mulberry can be used in the following ways⁵: 

• Mulberry is commonly consumed in various forms, including fruit wines, berries, jams, jellies, and muesli. 
• It can also be taken as juices and syrups, which are used traditionally to support the management of certain health conditions.  

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace any prescribed modern medical treatment with Ayurvedic or herbal preparations without medical advice. 

Also Read: Kiwi: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Side Effects of Mulberry

A few side effects that were observed in studies on consuming mulberry fruit are³:  

• Since mulberry has potential properties that may lower blood glucose levels, it may be dangerous for people who have low blood glucose levels to consume mulberries.  
• There have been reports of allergic reactions following mulberry consumption. It is advisable to consume mulberries in moderation and observe your body’s response, especially if you are trying them for the first time. 

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to mulberries, immediately contact a doctor as they will be able to guide you appropriately to manage your symptoms.  

Here’s a health tip: Mulberry is a natural source of flavonoids, a type of polyphenolic compound, which act as antioxidants. These antioxidants may help protect the body from oxidative damage, potentially playing a role in managing conditions associated with oxidative stress, such as atherosclerosis. Further research is needed to confirm these effects in humans¹¹.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Precautions to Take with Mulberry

Consuming mulberries in moderate amounts is generally considered safe. However, it is important to follow general precautions when including mulberries in your diet. 

• Pregnant women and lactating mothers should exercise caution and consume mulberry only if prescribed by a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner. 
• Care should also be taken when administering mulberry products to children and elderly individuals. 

Also Read: Chirata: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions and More!

Interactions With Other Drugs

A clinical study⁸ suggested that having large amounts of black mulberry juice could interact with drugs that were reported to inhibit cytochrome enzymes; thus it may inhibit the metabolism of various drugs⁷. Therefore, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician and follow their prescription carefully, as they are best placed to consider your health condition and any other medications you may be taking.

Also Read: Blueberries: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Ramappa VK, Srivastava D, Singh P, Kumar U, Kumar D, Gosipatala SB, et al. Mulberries: A Promising Fruit for Phytochemicals, Nutraceuticals, and Biological Activities. International Journal of Fruit Science [Internet]. 2020 Jul 24 [cited 2025 May 22];20(sup3):S1254–79. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342804952_Mulberries_A_Promising_Fruit_for_Phytochemicals_Nutraceuticals_and_Biological_Activities#pf8  
2. Sarkhel S, Manvi D, Ramachandra CT. Nutrition importance and health benefits of mulberry leaf extract: A review. J Pharmacog Phytochem. 2020 Aug 24;9(5):689-95. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dronachari-Manvi/publication/344085417_Nutrition_importance_and_health_benefits_of_mulberry_leaf_extract_A_review/links/5f539adda6fdcc9879ce2b3d/Nutrition-importance-and-health-benefits-of-mulberry-leaf-extract-A-review.pdf   
3. Prasath CNH, Balasubramanian A, Radhakrishnan S. Mulberry fruit-Nutritional and health benefits. 2019 Aug 1;6(8):15-6. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Cn-Prasath-2/publication/353403584_Mulberry_fruit_-Nutritional_and_health_benefits/links/60fa9eae1e95fe241a81806d/Mulberry-fruit-Nutritional-and-health-benefits.pdf  
4. US Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central [Internet]. Usda.gov. 2019 [cited 2025 May 26]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/169913/nutrients
5. Zhang H, Ma Z, Luo X, Li X. Effects of Mulberry Fruit (Morus alba L.) Consumption on Health Outcomes: A Mini-Review. Antioxidants [Internet]. 2018 May 21 [cited 2025 May 22];7(5):69. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325291078_Effects_of_Mulberry_Fruit_Morus_alba_L_Consumption_on_Health_Outcomes_A_Mini-Review 
6. NutritionValue.Org [Internet]. Mulberry, raw; [cited 2022 May 31]. Available from: https://www.nutritionvalue.org/Mulberries%2C_raw_nutritional_value.html#:~:text=Mulberries%2C%20raw%20contains%2060%20calories,mg%20of%20cholesterol%20per%20serving
7. Hu L, Wang C, Guo X, Chen D, Zhou W, Chen X, et al. Flavonoid Levels and Antioxidant Capacity of Mulberry Leaves: Effects of Growth Period and Drying Methods. Frontiers in Plant Science [Internet]. 2021 Aug 4 [cited 2025 May 22];12. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8371438/
8. Petric Z, Žuntar I, Putnik P, KovaÄević DB. Food–Drug Interactions with Fruit Juices. Foods. 2020 Dec 24;10(1):33. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/1/33
9. Memete AR, Timar AV, Vuscan AN, Miere (Groza) F, Venter AC, Vicas SI. Phytochemical composition of different botanical parts of Morus species, health benefits and application in food industry. Plants (Basel). 2022 Jan 6;11(2):152. doi: 10.3390/plants11020152. PMID: 35050040; PMCID: PMC8777750. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/2/152
10. Li R, Xue Z, Jia Y, Wang Y, Li S, Zhou J, Liu J, Zhang M, He C, Chen H. Polysaccharides from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf prevents obesity by inhibiting pancreatic lipase in high‑fat diet induced mice. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Oct;192:452–60. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.010. PMID: 34634334. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141813021021516
11. Manzoor MF, Hussain A, Tazeddinova D, Abylgazinova A, Xu B. [Retracted] Assessing the nutritional-value-based therapeutic potentials and non-destructive approaches for mulberry fruit assessment: an overview. Comput Intell Neurosci. 2022 Mar 24;2022:6531483. doi: 10.1155/2022/6531483. PMID: 35371246; PMCID: PMC8970939. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6531483

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

23

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Introduction

The jackfruit trees grow in abundance in countries like India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and other countries in Southeast Asia^1,2. The scientific name of Jackfruit is Artocarpus heterophyllus, and it belongs to the Moraceae family. It is a medium-sized tree that can be grown in all seasons². The fruit is packed with numerous nutrients and vitamins, earning this giant fruit the title of superfood!

A jackfruit can weigh 3.5 kgs to 10 kgs on average and grow as big as 25kgs. The Jackfruit tree is a good source of wood for timber industries. Also, many parts of the jackfruit tree may be used in the preparation of medicines². Jackfruit is yellowish-brown in colour, and its exterior is composed of hexagonal apices¹.

Nutritional Value of Jackfruit (Kathal)

Jackfruit is the source of many vitamins and nutrients. Below is the nutritional value of Jackfruit per 100grams³ 

• Energy: 95 kcal
• Carbohydrates: 23.2 g
• Dietary Fibre: 1.5 g
• Proteins: 1.72 g
• Fats: 1.5 g
• Fructose: 9.19 g
• Glucose: 9.48 g
• Sucrose: 0.42 g
• Calcium: 24 mg
• Iron: 0.23 mg
• Magnesium: 29 mg
• Phosphorus: 21 mg
• Zinc: 0.13 mg
• Copper: 0.076 mg
• Manganese: 0.043 mg
• Potassium: 448 mg
• Sodium: 2 mg
• Vitamin C: 13.7 mg
• Riboflavin: 0.055 mg
• Niacin: 0.92 mg
• Vitamin B-6: 0.329 mg
• Folate: 24μg 

Are you ready to discover a secret weapon in the battle against high blood pressure? Look no further than the incredible jackfruit! Packed with potassium, this tropical fruit may hold the key to lowering your blood pressure and restoring your heart and blood vessels to their optimal state¹.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Jackfruit

Jackfruit contains phytochemicals like carotenoids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and sterols. These phytochemicals may show many properties¹. Some of the properties of jackfruit are given below.

• It may act as an antimicrobial agent
• It may show antifungal properties
• It may help with wound healing
• It may show anti-inflammatory properties
• It may help lower blood glucose¹ 
• It may show anticancer properties
• It may help reduce blood pressure
• It may show anti-ulcer
• It may show anti-ageing properties²
• It may show anti-asthmatic activity
• It may show antidiarrheal
• It may help reduce fever
• It may help induce sleep
• It may help with digestion
• It may help kill worms⁴

It’s time to unlock the power of jackfruit, enriched with two essential minerals: iron and copper. With their combined forces, they can help with anaemia, support proper blood circulation and optimize thyroid gland metabolism¹.

Dr. Ashok Pal, BAMS

Potential Uses of Jackfruit

The antioxidant benefits of Jackfruit play a vital role in improving health and relieving various medical conditions, as discussed below. The potential uses of jackfruit are given below.

1. Potential Uses of Jackfruit for the Heart

High amounts of lipids in the blood are the leading cause of coronary heart disease. This is characterized by high levels of bad cholesterol and low levels of good cholesterol. Vitamin B6 in jackfruit may help lower the levels of homocysteine, reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. High blood pressure can lead to stroke and other heart diseases.

The compounds in Jackfruit may help lower blood pressure and help manage heart disease and stroke. The high potassium content of Jackfruit may help reduce blood pressure that affects the blood vessels and heart². However, if you are suffering from any heart conditions, you need to talk to your healthcare provider. Do not use herbs or vegetables as an alternative to regular medicinal treatment.

2. Potential Uses of Jackfruit for the Skin

Prolonged sun exposure harms human skin in multiple ways, such as sunburn, premature skin ageing, immune suppression, skin cancer and oxidative damage. Vitamin C is beneficial for the skin and is a potent antioxidant. Vitamin C in Jackfruit is vital for the skin as it may boost collagen production. Collagen is the protein that provides firmness, structure, and strength to the skin.

In addition, the antioxidant benefits of vitamin C may help combat oxidative stress from sun exposure. Jackfruit contains vitamin C in high amounts. It is a vitamin that is not produced inside our body, so we must obtain it from our diet, and jackfruit is a rich source of the same². Also, if you are suffering from any skin conditions, you should reach out to your skin doctor for consultation. Avoid using any herb or vegetable without consulting with a doctor first.

3. Potential Uses of Jackfruit for the Stomach

A stomach ulcer or gastric ulcer is a type of peptic ulcer. An infection with bacteria called Helicobacter pylori causes stomach ulcers. Gastric ulcers result from continuous damage to the stomach lining due to such an infection or other causes. Jackfruits have been used traditionally to provide relief from gastric ulcers².

With more human studies, we can identify how exactly jackfruit helps in managing gastric ulcers. However, until then, you are advised not to use jackfruit as a remedy for stomach ulcers without consulting your doctor first.   

4. Potential Uses of Jackfruit in Digestion

Jackfruit has a very high fibre content. High fibre has innumerable health benefits. It may help produce a smooth bowel movement and avoid problems like constipation. It may also help clear out cancer-causing toxins from the large bowel and protect the colon mucus membrane². If you are suffering from digestive issues, you should consult your doctor.

5. Potential Uses of Jackfruit for the Bones

Jackfruit has high magnesium content. Magnesium may be suitable for bone health. This mineral is vital for calcium absorption and may help strengthen the bones. It may also help manage bone disorders like osteoporosis². However, more studies are required to support the use of jackfruit for bone health in humans. Therefore you are advised to avoid using jackfruit without consulting your doctor first.

Other Potential Uses of Jackfruit

Consumption of Jackfruit might show other potential uses as follows:

• Jackfruit (Kathal) contains plenty of iron. Consumption of Jackfruit might help people having low iron diet and may help in regulating proper blood circulation².
• Consumption of Jackfruit might help maintain the health of the thyroid gland. Jackfruit contains a high amount of copper. Copper is essential for thyroid gland metabolism. It may have some effect on hormone production².

Though studies are showing the benefits of the jackfruit in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of the jackfruit on human health.

Jackfruit is a delicious secret to share that may supercharge your energy levels, support nerve function, and aid in hormone synthesis. It’s packed with the essential nutrient niacin, which plays a vital role in keeping your body in top form. Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, acts as a catalyst for energy metabolism, helping your body convert food into usable energy¹.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S M.S.

How to Use Jackfruit?

The seeds as well as the fruits of Jackfruit are edible and delicious. There are several ways to use Jackfruit and enjoy it in your daily diet.  

• Seeds  
• The seeds can be added to cooked dishes. You can also use the seed flour in baking. 
• Jackfruit seeds can also be boiled with sugar and eaten as candies. 
• Fruit 
• Mature jackfruits can be added to salads and curries and cooked with other vegetables. 
• Dried jackfruit pulp is used to make jackfruit chips. 
• You can also eat ripe jackfruits in raw form or cook them in coconut milk to make dessert.  

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.

By incorporating jackfruit into your diet, you’re not only indulging in its delightful flavours but also giving your bones a fighting chance against age-related bone disorders. Jackfruit is packed with a generous dose of magnesium. Magnesium enhances the absorption of calcium in your body, ensuring that this essential mineral reaches your bones and contributes to their strength and density¹.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S M.D (Ayu)

Side Effects of Jackfruit

There is no information on the side effects of Jackfruit. Different people may react to the same things differently. So, if you experience any side effects after consuming jackfruit, contact your healthcare provider immediately.

Also, avoid taking jackfruits against any health condition or for any properties without consulting with your doctor first. It’ll help you avoid unwanted side effects.

Jackfruit may be an incredible ally in our fight against inflammation. Packed with potent flavonoids, this tropical gem might be the secret to inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells, neutrophils and macrophages—key players in the inflammatory process¹.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Also Read: Aloe Vera Juice: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Precautions to Take with Jackfruit

Some of the precautions that you need to take while consuming jackfruits are

• Pollen allergy: Avoid eating jackfruits if you have latex or birch pollen allergies. These allergies can have cross-reactions with Jackfruit.
• Chronic kidney disease: The high potassium content of Jackfruit can be harmful to people suffering from chronic kidney diseases or acute kidney failure. An excessive potassium diet can cause hyperkalaemia in such people. The build-up of potassium in the blood is a condition called hyperkalaemia. It can lead to weakness, paralysis, and heart failure⁴.
• Pregnant and nursing women should take Jackfruit with caution. Likewise, the elderly should consume Jackfruit in moderation.

If you are suffering from any disease condition, or suffer from specific allergies, consult your doctor about what foods and vegetables to avoid. Also, avoid consuming jackfruits for any health condition without consulting with a doctor first.

Also Read: Guava (Amrood) Juice: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Interactions with Other Drugs

There is no information on the interaction of Jackfruit with other drugs. There is a lack of sufficient evidence regarding

There is no information on the interaction of Jackfruit with other drugs. Therefore, there is a lack of sufficient evidence regarding the safety of Jackfruit with drugs. You can ask your doctor or healthcare professional for advice.

Also, suppose you are taking any medications. In that case, you need to consult with your doctor about the possible interactions of the drug with any vegetables or herbs. This will help you avoid possible interactions of medicines with any herb or vegetable.

Also Read: Water Apple: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, And More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Ranasinghe RASN, Maduwanthi SDT, Marapana RAUJ. Nutritional and Health Benefits of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.): A Review. Int J Food Sci. 2019. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30723733/

2. Swami SB, Thakor NJ, Haldankar PM, Kalse SB. Jackfruit and Its Many Functional Components as Related to Human Health: A Review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 2012 Nov 1;11(6):565–76. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2012.00210.x

3. PFAF Plant Database. Artocarpus heterophyllus Jackfruit [Internet]. [cited 2022 May 24]. Available from: https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Artocarpus+heterophyllus

4. Cleveland Clinic. What Is Jackfruit – and Is it Healthy? [Internet]. [cited 2022 May 24]. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-is-jackfruit-and-is-it-healthy/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

18

3

Introduction

Lohasava is an Ayurvedic medicine rich in iron (loha) which is mainly used for helping with iron deficiency anaemia and obesity. We can find its reference in an ancient Ayurvedic book called Baishyajya Ratnavali in Adhyayam 5¹. Lohasava is a hematinic preparation i.e. it might help in the production of red blood cells or might help increase the production of haemoglobin (a protein) in them. As Ayurvedic haematinic agents might be better tolerated by the body than the conventionally used agents, their frequent scientific evaluation is being performed for better universal acceptance².

Constituents of Lohasava

Lohasava is an iron-rich herbal tonic. It is prepared using Ayurvedic preparation methods, by using^1,2:

Studies have revealed that Lohasava may be useful in arthritis. Lohasava is known for its rich source of Vitamin B3, B6, B12 and iron, making it a good antioxidant. I recommend use of Lohasava, but with prior doctor’s consultation⁴.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Lohasava

The potential uses of lohasava might be due to the properties that are as follows:

• Might help replenish the iron stores in the body
• Might help eliminate weakness and giddiness
• Might help in correcting the shortness of breath
• Might help correct irregular heartbeat patterns
• Might help in improving appetite
• Might help to Improve taste sensations
• Might help with better sleep
• Might help with better blood circulation in the body².

Potential Uses of Lohasava

1. Potential Uses of Lohasava for Anaemia

Iron deficiency anaemia is one of the most prevalent nutritional disorders. It has symptoms range from loss of appetite and taste, weakness and shortness of breath to irregular heartbeat and many more. Lohasava might be a potential haematinic agent and might replenish the iron stores and their availability in our body². The constituent ingredients of lohasava might work together and may help enhance each other’s properties, thus it might help with the symptoms of anaemia. Increased iron in the body might cause an increase in the haemoglobin levels as well and might provide long-term relief from the symptoms of anaemia².

It was found in studies that lohasava might help improve fatigue (caused due to anaemia) and might make our body feel energised. Compared to other herbal formulations, it might be better at helping with giddiness and confusion experienced in advanced conditions. It might help attain a restful sleep and may increase the availability of oxygen to parts of the body by potentially helping with enhancing blood circulation, which is generally impaired in anaemia. It was also found that some of the ingredients present in lohasava may improve hormonal balance and might have positive effects on menstrual abnormalities (seen in cases of anaemia) as well. Overall, lohasava was found to have the potential in helping with a variety of symptoms associated with anaemia². However, more studies are required to prove such claims. Moreover, such conditions must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor.

2. Potential Uses of Lohasava for the Liver

In animal studies³, it was found that mixing lohasava with another iron-containing herbal formulation might have liver-protecting properties. It might help protect the liver from injury caused by a toxic substance (carbon tetrachloride) by reducing the activity of certain enzymes. Therefore, it might help liver cells from damage. It was also found that this formulation might help lower the blood cholesterol and may help in reducing the weight of the liver in the case of fatty liver. However, further human studies are required to effectively state the activity of lohasava as a liver protective drug. It may be helpful for liver conditions like jaundice, fatty liver, liver enlargement, and liver infections¹. Condition of the liver can be serious and must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor.

3. Potential Uses of Lohasava for the Heart

Lohasava might be helpful for irregular heartbeat patterns (palpitations) due to anaemia. Long-standing anaemia may cause other heart problems too. The consumption of lohasava might help the heart from the development of such diseases². However, more research is required to prove these potential effects. Moreover, conditions of the heart should be diagnosed and treated by a doctor. Kindly consult a doctor.

4. Potential Uses of Lohasava for the Tongue

One of the effects of anaemia is the destruction of taste buds in the tongue. This causes a loss of taste sensation, known as Arochaka in Ayurveda. Lohasava might act on the cells of the tongue and might with the regeneration of taste buds, thus, it might help in returning the taste sensation². However, such claims require more research to back them up.

5. Potential Uses of Lohasava for the Digestive System

Lohasava contains herbs that might be helpful for the treatment of digestive disorders. Therefore, it might possess properties that act as an appetizer and may also increase the digestive ability of our body. Generally, hematinics are not well tolerated by the body due to the high content of iron, which is not easy to digest, thus leading to constipation. Such problems might not be encountered by the use of lohasava it may be well tolerated by the body². However, there is a need for more research to prove such effects of lohasava on humans.   

6. Other Potential Uses of Lohasava

Lohasava has been used for centuries for obesity. Lohasava, containing triphalachuranam (also called Triphala), might be helpful for anaemia and various other problems such as spleen enlargement, cough, asthma, fever and piles¹. However, more research is required to prove such claims.

Though there are studies that show the potential uses of lohasava in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of lohasava on human health. 

I recently read an article that suggests Lohasava may be used for weight loss. Lohasava has antioxidant properties and rich source of vitamins and minerals, making it a potential ally for the weight loss journey⁵.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Lohasava?

Lohasava is a liquid preparation and is available in this form. Your Ayurvedic physician will prescribe you the form and dosage as per your health condition. It might be generally consumed by mixing in water¹.

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.

Side Effects of Lohasava

There is insufficient data regarding the side effects of lohasava. However if any reaction is noticed on using it seek immediate medical attention. Consult your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you they will be able to identify the cause and treat it effectively.

Also Read: Trayodashang Guggulu: Uses, Benefits and Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode 

Precautions to Take with Lohasava

General precautions as followed on taking any medication, should be followed. Care should be taken especially by pregnant women and lactating mothers while taking it. It must be taken only if prescribed by your doctor. Extra caution should be taken while giving it to children and elderly individuals. Please do not self-medicate alter replace or discontinue any ongoing treatment by yourself. Kindly consult a doctor for advice.

Also Read: Triphala Guggulu: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

Adverse drug reactions of lohasava with any other drug have not been reported. There is not enough evidence to state that it doesn’t react with any other drug and is completely safe for use more research is required in this field. Therefore your Ayurvedic physician’s advice is to be followed thoroughly as their prescription is based on keeping your health condition in mind. Please ensure to disclose all medications prescribed and currently being used to your doctor at the time of consultation.

Also Read: Ashta Choornam: Uses, Benefits and Side Effects By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Narayanan G, Prabhu K, Krishna Rao MR, Kannan K, Sundaram RL, Dinakar S, et al. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of one ayurvedic medicine, Kutajarishtam. Drug Invent Today. 2019;11(10):2666–9. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336685822_Gas_chromatography-mass_spectrometry_analysis_of_one_Ayurvedic_antiobesity_medicine_Lohasava
2. Joshi N, Dash MK, Dwivedi LK, Khillani GD. Clinical Evaluation of Ayurvedic Iron (Lauha) Containing Preparations in Iron Deficiency Anaemia. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm. 2015;6(2):225–31. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333775930_CLINICAL_EVALUATION_OF_AYURVEDIC_IRON_LAUHA_CONTAINING_PREPARATIONS_IN_IRON_DEFICIENCY_ANAEMIA/link/600bc7e3299bf14088b4cf57/download 
3. Alam M, Shanmuga Dasan KK, Susan T, Joy S. Hepatoprotective Activity of Navayasa Curna and Hasava Combination. Anc Sci Life. 1997;(4):332–6. Available from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bcf8/e275d88f3222ba10291ccbe4c58e6ba35e84.pdf
4. Journal of Research in Ayurvedic Sciences. Call for articles for special issue on “Integration of Modern Scientific Advances and Technological Developments in Ayurveda” [Internet]. 2025 Jul-Aug;9(4):137-143. ISSN 2456-5601. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/jras/pages/default.aspx
5. Author(s). Title of Book. Edition (if any). Place of publication: Publisher; Year. p. page-number(s). Available from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr=&id=AzBYEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=lohasava+benefits&ots=el4m13FSN4&sig=4NmDGROv6-bKrv7YEkrKvbO91Fk&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=lohasava&f=false

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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9

0

Introduction

Iron deficiency can lead to anaemia, often leaving us feeling fatigued and low on energy. In addition to tiredness, it may cause symptoms like dizziness, lightheadedness, poor concentration, irritability, paleness of skin, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, brittle nails, and even damaged hair.

Iron is an essential mineral in our bodies, playing a key role in vital functions. It is a major component of hemoglobin (Hb) in red blood cells (RBCs), which is responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to various parts of the body^[1].  

In muscles, iron is present in the form of myoglobin, which stores oxygen for use when needed by the body^[1].

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Iron

• Men and post-menopausal women – 8mg/day^[2]
• Premenopausal women – 18mg/day^[2]
• Pregnant women – 27mg/day^[3]
• Lactating women – 9 mg/day^[3]
• Infants and children^[4]:
  • 1. 7 to 12 months is 11 mg/day
  • 1 to 3 years is 7 mg/day
  • 4 to 8 years is 10 mg/day
  • 9 to 13 years is 8 mg/day
  • 14 to 18 years is 11mg/day for boys and 15 mg/day for girls

Top Iron-Rich Foods to Add to Your Diet

1. Spinach

• Spinach is a very good source of iron for vegetarians. 100 grams of spinach contains 2.7 mg of iron. It also contains 28 mg of vitamin C. Vitamin C also helps iron to be absorbed better in our body.
• Cooking spinach with tomatoes also helps in the better absorption of the iron present in spinach by our body^[5].
• Apart from iron and vitamin C, spinach also contains vitamin A, K and minerals like magnesium and manganese. It is good for our eyes and bones and is also used to regulate blood pressure in patients with hypertension.
• It also reduces the risk of cancer and relieves constipation^[6].

2. Shellfish

• Different varieties of shellfish are rich sources of iron. 100 grams of clams contain 13.98 mg of iron, while an oyster contains 5.1 mg of iron.
• Shellfish are low in calories and rich in proteins, good fats, vitamins, and minerals. Shellfish are good for our heart and brain and for weight loss. They are also helpful in building immunity.
• Blue mussels, shrimp, and lobster are also good sources of iron.

3. Tofu

• Tofu is a soybean-based food. 100 grams of tofu contains 5.4 mg of iron.
• Tofu is also a good source of protein, calcium, vitamin B1, manganese, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, etc.
• Tofu maintains cholesterol levels and bone health^[7]. It reduces the risk of anemia and cancer.

4. Poultry, Red Meat, & Fish

If you are a non-vegetarian, making seafood, poultry, and red meat a regular part of your diet will ensure your haemoglobin (Hb) levels will stay above average.

Researchers have found that iron deficiency risks are lesser in people who consume poultry, meat, and fish regularly^[8]. 

• 100 grams of red meat, like ground beef contains 2.7 mg of iron.
• It is also very rich in B complex vitamins, selenium, zinc, and protein, which are all very beneficial for the overall health of the human body.100 grams of chicken contains 1.3 mg of iron.
• Fishes like tuna, sardines and mackerel are a rich source of iron.

I would recommend incorporating eggs in your diet to give your body the iron it needs. These versatile little powerhouses not only provide a wide range of essential nutrients but also contain a good amount of iron. Just one large egg (100g) contains approximately 1.75 mg of iron, which can cover your daily requirement.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

5. Whole Grains

• Whole grains are also good sources of iron^[12]. Wheat, millet, oats, brown rice, and quinoa all contain iron. 100 gms of oats contain 4.7 mg of iron, while quinoa contains 1.5 mg of iron. Wheat has 3.9 mg of iron per 100 gms, while millet contains 3 mg.
• Whole grains also contain fibre, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
• Whole grains improve our digestion and may reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, obesity, cancer, etc.

6. Dark Chocolate

Who said that iron-rich food has to be boring? Dark chocolate may satisfy our taste buds and also add to the iron content of our body.

• 100 grams of dark chocolate contain 6.32 mg of iron.
• Dark chocolate also contains good fats, copper, manganese, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, selenium, etc. It helps in keeping our cholesterol levels low and reduces the risk of stroke and heart attacks^[9].

Eating a bit of dark chocolate after every meal goes a long way in adding to our body’s iron reserves, but it should not be overdone as it has a good amount of calories as well.

7. Legumes

• Legumes like peas, lentils, chickpeas, soybeans, and different types of beans are all good sources of iron.
• Beans contain around 5 mg of iron per 100 grams, while peas contain around 1.5 mg. Chickpea has 6.2 mg of iron per 100 grams, while lentils have 3.3 mg.
• Legumes are also rich in protein, fibre, B complex vitamins, calcium, potassium, zinc, etc.
• The consumption of legumes may protect us from heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and inflammation^[10].

8. Seeds

• Sesame seeds, pumpkin seeds, and flaxseeds are rich in iron.
• 100 grams of pumpkin seeds contain 3.3 mg of iron, while sesame seeds contain 14.6 mg, and flaxseeds contain 5.6 mg of iron.
• They are also rich in calories, good fats, vitamin A, folate, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and various phytosterols. They have innumerable health benefits when consumed regularly.

9. Nuts

• Nuts like pistachios, cashews, and almonds are good sources of iron^[11]. 100 grams of pistachios contain 3.9 mg of iron, while cashews contain 6.7 mg of iron. Almonds contain around 5.4 mg of iron per 100 grams.
• Nuts are rich in proteins, good fats, and several other vitamins and minerals.
• They may reduce the risk of cancer and heart disease and help in weight loss^[13].

10. Dried fruits

• Dried fruits like prunes, raisins, and apricots are good sources of iron. 100 grams of prunes contain 0.93 mg of iron, while raisins contain 2.6 mg of iron. Apricots have 6.3 mg of iron per 100 grams.
• Consuming these dried fruits daily helps to combat iron deficiency^[11].
• Prunes also help in digestion and lower cholesterol levels in our body.
• Raisins are also good for digestion and make our bones strong. Apricots are rich in antioxidants and help promote eye, skin, and good health.

Also Read: How To Increase Platelet Count Naturally

Factors Affecting the Absorption of Iron

• Consuming iron-rich foods in combination with foods rich in vitamin C like lemons, oranges, tomatoes, etc, increases the absorption of iron.
• Cooking our food in iron cookware, especially cast iron pans, increases the iron content of the food.
• Having tea or coffee along with meals reduces the absorption of iron by 70 to 80 percent.
• Soaking and sprouting improve the absorption of iron in the body.
• Heme iron obtained from animal sources like meat, poultry, and seafood is better absorbed by the body than non-heme iron from plant sources like grains, nuts, seeds, vegetables, etc.

I would suggest adding white mushrooms to your meals if you’re looking to boost your iron intake in a delicious and nutritious way. A cooked cup of white mushrooms (about 156 grams) contains approximately 2.7 mg of iron.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Also Read: 8 Most Effective Foods To Fight Thyroid!

Side Effects of Excessive Iron Intake

Iron overload disorders are a group of medical conditions that cause excessive iron accumulation in the body. Hereditary diseases like hemochromatosis are a genetic condition that makes a person’s body absorb excessive iron from food and drinks.  

The human body is unable to excrete excess iron, which leads to this iron storage in various organs of the body, like the pancreas, liver and heart, which may give rise to organ failure and damage. Damage to the pancreas can cause diabetes, while excessive iron in the body, if left untreated, can turn the colour of the skin bronze.

There are mainly two types of iron overload diseases: primary hemochromatosis (genetic mutation) and secondary hemochromatosis (results of a condition). While the former kind of iron overload disease can happen if the family carries the same, the secondary condition can result from some kind of anaemia like thalassemia, chronic liver disease or some alcohol-related liver disease.  

With early diagnosis and treatment, a person can expect a normal life. However, regular check-ups and blood tests may go on for life. The treatment depends upon the severity of the person, but if left untreated, it can increase the complications and add on to other medical situations.

I would recommend incorporating palm hearts into your meals if you’re looking to increase your iron intake. In just one cup(146g) of palm hearts, you can find approximately 4.6 mg of iron.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Also Read: The Detailed 7 Days GM Diet Plan for Weight Loss

References

1. Mahdi JG. What is the function of hemoglobin in the human body? [Internet]. ResearchGate; 2017 [cited 2025 Apr 7]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313841668_What_is_the_Function_of_Hemoglobin_in_the_Human_Body
2. Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2001. Chapter 9, Iron [Internet]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222309/
3. Kominiarek MA, Rajan P. Nutrition recommendations in pregnancy and lactation. Med Clin North Am. 2016 Nov;100(6):1199-1215. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.06.004. PMID: 27745590; PMCID: PMC5104202. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5104202/
4. Iron needs of babies and children. Paediatr Child Health. 2007 Apr;12(4):333-6. doi: 10.1093/pch/12.4.333. PMID: 19030384; PMCID: PMC2528681. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2528681/
5. Yudhistira B, Affandi D, Nusantari PN. Effect of spinach and tomato on marshmallow for iron deficiency anemia. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2018;102:012007. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322841691
6. Miano TF. Nutritional value of Spinacia oleracea (spinach): an overview. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2009;1(1):22-27. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316488658_NUTRITIONAL_VALUE_OF_SPINACIA_OLERACEA_SPINACH-AN_OVERVIEW
7. Pal M, Devrani M. Tofu: A popular food with high nutritional and health benefits. Int J Green Pharm. 2019;13(2):81-85. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332343856_Tofu_A_Popular_Food_with_High_Nutritional_and_Health_Benefits
8. Jackson J, Williams R, McEvoy M, MacDonald-Wicks L, Patterson A. Is higher consumption of animal flesh foods associated with better iron status among adults in developed countries? A systematic review. Nutrients. 2016 Feb 16;8(2):89. doi: 10.3390/nu8020089. PMID: 26891320; PMCID: PMC4772052. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4772052/
9. Katz DL, Doughty K, Ali A. Cocoa and chocolate in human health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011 Nov 15;15(10):2779-811. doi: 10.1089/ars.2010.3697. PMID: 21470061; PMCID: PMC4696435. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4696435/
10. Bouchenak M, Lamri-Senhadji M. Nutritional quality of legumes, and their role in cardiometabolic risk prevention: a review. J Med Food. 2013 Mar;16(3):185-98. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0238. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235519730_Nutritional_Quality_of_Legumes_and_Their_Role_in_Cardiometabolic_Risk_Prevention_A_Review
11. Bai SH, Brooks P, Gama R, Nevenimo T, Hannet G, Hannet D, et al. Nutritional quality of almond, canarium, cashew and pistachio and their oil photooxidative stability. J Food Sci Technol. 2019 Feb;56(2):792-798. doi: 10.1007/s13197-018-3539-6. PMID: 30906037; PMCID: PMC6400731. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6400731/
12. Whole Grains Council. Whole grains: an important source of essential nutrients [Internet]. Boston (MA): Oldways Whole Grains Council; [date unknown] [cited 2025 Apr 7]. Available from: https://wholegrainscouncil.org/whole-grains-101/health-studies-health-benefits/whole-grains-important-source-essential-nutrients
13. Nut Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5762129/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

176

9

Introduction

Anaemia is a condition where the number of red blood cells (RBCs) or their oxygen-carrying capacity (due to low haemoglobin) is insufficient to meet the body’s physiological needs. This may result from decreased production of red blood cells, increased destruction of these cells, or blood loss, whether sudden or ongoing. Common causes include nutritional deficiencies, such as iron deficiency, chronic illnesses, or disorders affecting the bone marrow. 

Anaemia can be acute or chronic, mild or severe, and it affects individuals across all age groups. It is one of the most widespread nutritional deficiencies globally and is considered a major public health concern. While anaemia itself may be manageable, it can also indicate an underlying medical condition and should be assessed by a qualified healthcare professional. With appropriate medical advice and care, steps may be taken to manage the condition and, in some instances, reduce the risk of its occurrence¹. 

Signs and Symptoms of Anaemia

There are a lot of signs and symptoms that may indicate anaemia and may include the following²:  

• Fatigue 
• Shortness of breath 
• Sore tongue 
• Headache 
• Involuntary restless movement in the lower leg  
• Fast heartbeat 

Many individuals take calcium and iron supplements, particularly when managing nutritional deficiencies. However, it is important to note that calcium and iron should not be taken at the same time, such as together at breakfast, lunch, or dinner, as each can interfere with the absorption of the other. Calcium may reduce the absorption of iron, and vice versa, potentially diminishing the effectiveness of both supplements². To support absorption, it is generally recommended to take these supplements at different times of the day, as advised by a healthcare professional. 

Non-iron deficiency Anaemia (Types and Causes)

Anaemia can be caused by other reasons other than iron deficiency. These include: 

1. Pernicious Anaemia 

Some individuals develop a type of anaemia known as pernicious anaemia, which occurs when the body is unable to absorb vitamin B12 due to a lack of a substance called intrinsic factor, produced in the stomach. Without sufficient vitamin B12, the body cannot produce healthy red blood cells effectively. Another related condition is folic acid deficiency anaemia, which results from a deficiency of vitamin B9 (folate). While both conditions are classified as megaloblastic anaemias, a term that refers to the presence of abnormally large red blood cells, they are distinct in cause and treatment. It is important to note that folic acid deficiency anaemia should not be grouped with pernicious anaemia, even though they share similar characteristics. Accurate diagnosis is essential, as each condition requires specific management under the guidance of a healthcare professional².  

2. Haemolytic Anaemia 

Haemolytic anaemia is a condition in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than the body can replace them. In some cases, this may result from the body producing abnormally shaped or defective red blood cells that break down prematurely. This can be due to inherited (genetic) conditions. However, not all cases involve faulty red blood cell production. Haemolytic anaemia may also arise from external or acquired factors that damage otherwise normal red blood cells. Causes can be broadly classified into two types: intrinsic (genetic) causes, such as membrane disorders, enzyme deficiencies like G6PD deficiency, or inherited conditions like thalassaemia and sickle cell disease; and extrinsic (acquired) causes, which include autoimmune diseases, certain infections, specific medications, or mechanical damage (such as from artificial heart valves). Diagnosis and treatment should always be guided by a qualified healthcare professional, as the underlying cause varies from person to person².

3. Sickle Cell Anaemia 

Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic form of anaemia in which the red blood cells are abnormally shaped. Instead of the usual round, flexible shape, these cells take on a rigid, sickle-like (crescent) shape. Their abnormal shape makes it difficult for them to move smoothly through blood vessels, leading to blockages in circulation, which can cause pain, organ damage, and other serious complications. Additionally, these misshapen cells tend to break down more quickly than normal red blood cells, resulting in a shortage. The function of haemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen, may also be impaired. This condition is inherited and requires long-term medical management under specialist care². 

4. Diamond Blackfan Anaemia 

Diamond-Blackfan Anaemia (DBA) is a rare blood disorder that is most often inherited and usually diagnosed within the first year of life in the majority of affected individuals. It occurs when the bone marrow fails to produce enough red blood cells, leading to anaemia. DBA is almost always congenital, meaning it is present from birth, and is commonly linked to mutations in genes related to ribosomal proteins, which are essential for cell function and growth. In rare cases, DBA may be acquired later in life. Due to its complexity and rarity, diagnosis and management should be carried out by a specialist healthcare team². 

5. Aplastic anaemia 

Aplastic anaemia is a rare condition in which the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This can lead to fatigue, infections, and bleeding. It may be acquired or, less commonly, inherited. While the term “bone marrow aplasia” describes reduced marrow activity, it is not typically used as a direct synonym for aplastic anaemia. Diagnosis and treatment require specialist care². 

6. Fanconi Anaemia 

Fanconi anaemia is a rare genetic disorder that leads to bone marrow failure and a shortage of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, a condition known as pancytopenia. In addition to anaemia, individuals may have physical abnormalities, such as short stature, skeletal defects (especially of the thumbs or arms), and skin pigmentation changes. It also carries an increased risk of developing certain cancers, particularly leukaemia. Fanconi anaemia requires specialised diagnosis and long-term medical management². 

7. Mediterranean Anaemia 

Beta-thalassaemia major, also known as Cooley’s anaemia, is a genetic disorder where the body cannot produce enough haemoglobin, leading to severe anaemia. The red blood cells made are often abnormal and have a short lifespan. Managing this condition requires regular medical care. 

While diet alone cannot treat anaemia, eating well can support overall health. Avoiding certain foods and following a diet recommended by a healthcare professional may help prevent complications and manage symptoms more effectively².

Anaemia is one of the most common blood disorders worldwide. Preventing blood loss and maintaining a healthy, balanced diet are important steps in reducing the risk of developing anaemia or preventing it from worsening. In many cases, timely medical intervention, including the use of oral supplements or injectable treatments, can be effective in the early stages,   

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

Things to Avoid

1. Avoid Tannins 

Tannins are naturally occurring compounds found in many plant-based foods and drinks, including tea, coffee, certain fruit juices, berries, pomegranates, nuts, legumes, herbs, and spices. While they are not harmful in moderation, tannins can interfere with iron absorption, particularly non-heme iron from plant sources. Iron is mainly absorbed in the duodenum and upper jejunum of the small intestine. When tannin-rich foods or beverages are consumed alongside iron-rich meals, especially those based on plants, they may bind to iron molecules in the gut and reduce the amount absorbed by the body³.  

2. Avoid Gluten 

Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. While it does not generally affect iron absorption in most people, those with coeliac disease which is an autoimmune condition in which gluten triggers damage to the lining of the small intestine may experience difficulty absorbing iron and folate, leading to anaemia. In such cases, avoiding gluten is essential to prevent further intestinal damage and support nutrient absorption. However, for individuals without coeliac disease or gluten sensitivity, there is no need to avoid gluten as part of anaemia management⁴.  

3. Avoid Phytates 

Phytates, found in foods such as legumes, whole grains, nuts, and brown rice, can reduce the absorption of non-heme iron in the digestive tract by binding to it. This is mainly a concern for individuals with iron-deficiency anaemia, as reduced iron absorption can worsen their condition. However, rather than avoiding these nutritious foods entirely, it is advisable to avoid consuming them at the same time as iron-rich meals. Food preparation methods such as soaking, sprouting, or fermenting can also help reduce phytate content and improve iron absorption⁵.  

4. Beware of Calcium-Containing Foods 

Calcium hinders iron absorption and therefore consuming calcium-containing food products in combination with other iron-rich foods can affect how much iron is being absorbed by your body. Dairy foods like milk, yoghurt and cheese should be avoided for this reason. Therefore, it is advisable to take calcium-containing foods at different times⁵. 

5. Polyphenols 

Polyphenols, or phenolic compounds, are naturally occurring substances found in foods such as cocoa, coffee, apples, certain spices, and walnuts. These compounds can inhibit the absorption of non-heme iron, particularly when consumed alongside iron-rich plant-based meals. However, these foods do not need to be completely avoided. Instead, it is advisable for individuals with iron-deficiency anaemia to consume polyphenol-rich foods separately from iron-rich meals to support better iron absorption⁶.  

6. Avoid Alcohol Consumption 

Excessive alcohol consumption can cause or worsen anaemia and is linked to several other health concerns. Alcohol may suppress bone marrow function, leading to reduced red blood cell production. It also interferes with erythropoiesis, the process of red blood cell formation, resulting in abnormally large red cells (macrocytosis) and shorter red cell lifespan. Additionally, alcohol can impair the absorption of key nutrients such as iron and folic acid, both of which are essential for haemoglobin synthesis and healthy red cell development⁷. For these reasons, individuals with or at risk of anaemia are advised to limit or avoid alcohol, in consultation with their healthcare provider. 

7. Avoid Certain Medications 

In some cases, some medications may trigger the immune system to mistakenly identify the body’s own red blood cells as foreign, leading to their premature destruction, a condition known as drug-induced haemolytic anaemia. This may occur through immune-mediated reactions, such as with penicillin or cephalosporins, or through oxidative stress, particularly in individuals with enzyme deficiencies like G6PD deficiency. Drugs that have been associated with haemolytic anaemia include levodopa, certain non-steroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and related compounds⁸. These medicines should only be used under medical supervision, and individuals with a history or risk of haemolytic anaemia should consult their doctor before starting any new medication. 

Also Read: 11 Ways In Which Sugar Harms The Body!

Risk Factors

Certain factors can increase the risk of anaemia¹: 

• If your diet is low in iron, lacks vitamins and minerals like vitamin B-12, folate and copper, it may increase your risk of anaemia. 
• Having an intestinal disorder can also affect the absorption of nutrients and puts you at risk of anaemia. 
• Heavy or prolonged bleeding during menstruation may cause the loss of red blood cells and women who haven’t had menopause are at a greater risk of iron deficiency anaemia. 
• Taking a multivitamin with folic acid and iron is important during pregnancy to reduce the risk of developing anaemia. 
• Individuals with cancer, kidney failure, or other long-term illnesses may experience reduced red blood cell production, leading to anaemia.  
• A family history of certain blood disorders, such as sickle cell anaemia, can increase the risk of inherited forms of anaemia. 
• People aged 65 and above are at higher risk of anaemia due to factors such as nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, and declining bone marrow function. 

Also Read: 7 Effective Ways To Treat Anaemia At Home

Conclusion

Anaemia is a common but manageable condition when identified early and treated appropriately. Understanding its causes, risk factors, and dietary influences is essential for effective prevention and management. Always consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and personalised care. 

Also Read: HOMA-IR Test – A Test That Can Predict Diabetes

References

 1. Turner J, Badireddy M, Parsi M. Anemia [Internet]. National Library of Medicine. StatPearls Publishing; 2023 [cited 2025 Jun 18]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499994/  

2. Anmar M K Al-Maamori. REVIEW OF ANEMIA: TYPES AND CAUSES [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Jun 18]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373434922_REVIEW_OF_ANEMIA_TYPES_AND_CAUSES  

3. Delimont NM, Haub MD, Lindshield BL. The Impact of Tannin Consumption on Iron Bioavailability and Status: A Narrative Review. Current Developments in Nutrition [Internet]. 2017 Jan 19 [cited 2025 Jun 18];1(2):1–12. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5998341/  

4. Martín-Masot, Nestares, Diaz-Castro, López-Aliaga, Alférez, Moreno-Fernandez, et al. Multifactorial Etiology of Anemia in Celiac Disease and Effect of Gluten-Free Diet: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients [Internet]. 2019 Oct 23 [cited 2025 Jun 18];11(11):2557. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/11/2557/htm  

5. da Silva Lopes K, Yamaji N, Rahman MO, Suto M, Takemoto Y, Garcia-Casal MN, et al. Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [Internet]. 2021 Sep 26 [cited 2025 Jun 18];9(9):CD013092. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34564844/  

6. Xu T, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang H, Luo J, Luo Y, et al. Effects of dietary polyphenol supplementation on iron status and erythropoiesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition [Internet]. 2021 Apr 19 [cited 2025 Jun 18];114(2):780–93. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351006870_Effects_of_dietary_polyphenol_supplementation_on_iron_status_and_erythropoiesis_a_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis_of_randomized_controlled_trials  

7. Paramastri R, Hsu CY, Lee HA, Lin LY, Kurniawan AL, Chao JCJ . Association between Dietary Pattern, Lifestyle, Anthropometric Status, and Anemia-Related Biomarkers among Adults: A Population-Based Study from 2001 to 2015. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. 2021 Mar 26 [cited 2025 Jun 18];18(7):3438. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8037593/  

8. Prabhu K, Warricker F, Almilaji O, Williams E, Snook J. Role of prescribed medication in the development of iron deficiency anaemia in adults—a case–control study. BMJ Open Gastroenterology [Internet]. 2024 Jun [cited 2025 Jun 18];11(1):e001305. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11217774/  

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

304

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Introduction

Anaemia is a medical condition in which the body has a reduced number of red blood cells or a lower-than-normal concentration of haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells, responsible for delivering oxygen from the lungs to various tissues and organs. When haemoglobin levels are low, the oxygen supply to the body’s organs becomes inadequate, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath¹. 

While conventional treatments for anaemia are effective and often necessary, several natural and home-based remedies can support recovery and improve overall haemoglobin levels. If you’re interested in exploring safe and holistic options for managing anaemia, the following home remedies may be helpful. 

Home Remedies for Anaemia

1. Beetroot

Beetroot is often recommended as a supportive food for individuals with anaemia due to its iron and folate content, which are essential for red blood cell production. Regular consumption may help improve haemoglobin levels, thereby supporting better oxygen transport in the body². 

Beetroot can be consumed in various forms, raw as part of a salad, steamed or cooked as a vegetable, or blended into juice. Drinking beetroot juice on an empty stomach is a popular method for maximising nutrient absorption. 

2. Citrus Fruits

Regular intake of vitamin C has been shown to improve iron absorption in individuals with iron-deficiency anaemia. Vitamin C enhances the intestinal absorption of non-haeme iron (plant-based iron), thereby supporting improved haemoglobin production³. 

Include natural sources of vitamin C in your daily diet, such as oranges, lemons, sweet limes, amla (Indian gooseberry), and guavas. Consuming these fruits regularly can aid in better iron absorption and support recovery from anaemia⁴. 

3. Blackstrap Molasses

Blackstrap molasses is a rich natural source of iron, along with B vitamins and essential minerals like magnesium and calcium. Regular consumption can support the production of red blood cells and improve haemoglobin levels, making it beneficial for individuals with iron-deficiency anaemia⁵. One way to consume blackstrap molasses is by mixing a teaspoon into a cup of warm water or plant-based milk. This can be taken once daily, preferably on an empty stomach, to enhance iron absorption. 

4. Spinach

Anaemia can result from various nutritional deficiencies, including folic acid, which is essential for the production of healthy red blood cells. A deficiency in folic acid can lead to megaloblastic anaemia, characterised by large, immature red blood cells that cannot function properly. Including spinach in your regular diet can help manage folic acid deficiency, as it is a rich source of folate along with iron, vitamin A, and vitamin C. While spinach does not contain vitamin B12, it still supports overall blood health and should be consumed regularly in cooked or lightly sautéed forms to enhance nutrient absorption. 

Severe iron deficiency anaemia may increase your risk of developing complications that affect the heart or lungs, such as an abnormally fast heartbeat (tachycardia) or heart failure. It is pertinent to get treated for anaemia as soon as you experience any symptoms of anaemia.

Dr Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S, M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

5. Bananas

Bananas are a nutritious fruit containing moderate amounts of vitamin C, folate, and potassium, which contribute to overall health and support the body’s metabolic functions. While they contain only a small amount of iron, the vitamin C present may aid in enhancing iron absorption from other dietary sources. Therefore, bananas can be included as a supportive food in a balanced diet aimed at improving haemoglobin levels, but they should not be considered a primary treatment for iron-deficiency anaemia⁷. 

6. Dates, Raisins, Currants, and Figs

Raisins and dates are natural sources of dietary iron and provide some fibre and energy. Although they contain only trace amounts of vitamin C, pairing them with fruits rich in vitamin C, such as oranges or amla can help improve iron absorption^8,9. Including soaked dates, raisins, and figs a few times a week as part of a balanced diet may help support haemoglobin levels over time, especially when combined with other iron-rich and vitamin C-rich foods¹⁰. 

7. Black Sesame Seeds

Black sesame seeds are a good plant-based source of iron, along with calcium and magnesium. While they do not directly enhance iron absorption, their inclusion in the diet can support iron intake, especially for individuals following a vegetarian diet. Soaking a teaspoon of black sesame seeds overnight and consuming them the next morning, either chewed or as a paste may help improve mineral availability slightly. For best results, pair with foods rich in vitamin C to enhance iron absorption¹¹.  

Many natural remedies that can help support anaemia management are found right in your kitchen. Choosing the right foods and herbs can complement your treatment and improve your overall health. 

Certain plants and foods in nature can help improve symptoms of anaemia. For example, tulsi (holy basil) contains antioxidants and vitamin C, which aids iron absorption. Beetroot is rich in folic acid, an important nutrient for red blood cell formation. Fruits like pomegranates and apples provide a good source of iron. Including foods rich in vitamin C, such as citrus fruits, alongside iron-rich foods can enhance the body’s ability to absorb iron effectively.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD (Paediatrics)

Also Read: Natural Home Remedies for Diabetes By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Diet Plan for Anaemia

It is important to create a balanced diet plan to support its management. Before focusing on specific foods, keep the following points in mind when planning your diet: 

• Avoid consuming iron-rich foods together with foods or drinks that inhibit iron absorption, such as dairy products (high in calcium), coffee, tea, and eggs. 
• Include iron-rich foods that are also high in vitamin C, such as oranges, strawberries, and tomatoes, as vitamin C enhances iron absorption. 
• Include foods rich in beta carotene, such as apricots, beetroot, and red peppers, along with your iron-rich foods to support iron metabolism. 
• Consume a variety of both haeme iron (from animal sources like meat and fish) and non-haeme iron (from plant sources like legumes and leafy greens) and try to include both types in the same meal to improve iron absorption. 
• Include foods rich in folate (such as leafy green vegetables, beans, and lentils) and vitamin B-12 (such as eggs, dairy, and meat), as they are essential for healthy red blood cell production. 

Now, here are some of the common foods you can consume to treat anaemia: 

• Leafy greens are excellent sources of non-haeme iron, the type of iron found in plant-based foods. Examples include spinach, kale, and collard greens. While these vegetables provide a good amount of iron, it is important not to rely exclusively on them for your iron needs. 
• Meat and poultry are rich sources of haeme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body than non-haeme iron. Examples include red meat, lamb, and venison. 
• Liver is an excellent source of iron, despite not being a popular choice for everyone. 
• Certain seafood items are rich in haeme iron, including oysters, clams, shrimp, and scallops. 
• Fortified foods are those that have vitamins and minerals added during processing to increase their nutritional value. Many common foods, such as orange juice, pasta, and white rice, are fortified with iron and can be helpful additions to your diet. 
• Beans are an excellent plant-based source of iron, especially for vegetarians. Examples include chickpeas, kidney beans, and soybeans. 
• Nuts and seeds are good sources of iron and other nutrients. You can enjoy them as snacks or sprinkle them on yogurt and salads. Examples include pumpkin seeds, cashews, pine nuts, and pistachios. 

Also Read: Home Remedies for Jaundice By Dr. Siddharth Gupta

Conclusion

Anaemia can be managed effectively by combining medical treatment with a balanced diet rich in iron and supporting nutrients. Including natural remedies and vitamin C-rich foods helps improve iron absorption and overall health. Always seek professional advice alongside these home-based approaches for best results. 

Also Read: Simple Home Remedies for Swollen Gums

References

1. Rhodes CE, Denault D, Varacallo MA. Physiology, Oxygen Transport [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan– [updated 2022 Nov 14; cited 2025 Jun 10]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538336/ 
2. Purba R, et al. Beetroot Juice and Red Spinach Juice to Increase Hemoglobin Levels in Anemic Adolescent Girls. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 9(E), pp. 857-860. DOI:10.3889/oamjms.2021.6871. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355307455_Beetroot_Juice_and_Red_Spinach_Juice_to_Increase_Hemoglobin_Levels_in_Anemic_Adolescent_Girls  
3. Skolmowska D, Głąbska D. Effectiveness of Dietary Intervention with Iron and Vitamin C Administered Separately in Improving Iron Status in Young Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Sep 20;19(19):11877. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191911877. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9564482/  
4. Gopaldas T. Iron-deficiency anemia in young working women can be reduced by increasing the consumption of cereal-based fermented foods or gooseberry juice at the workplace. Food Nutr Bull. 2002 Mar;23(1):94-105. doi: 10.1177/156482650202300113. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11975375/  
5. Aslan Y, Erduran E, Mocan H, Gedik Y, Okten A, Soylu H, Değer O. Absorption of iron from grape-molasses and ferrous sulfate: a comparative study in normal subjects and subjects with iron deficiency anemia. Turk J Pediatr. 1997 Oct-Dec;39(4):465-71. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9433148/  
6. Hussein ZA, Abdulhussein MA. The effect of consumption of dried spinach (Spinacia oleracea) on level of hemoglobin and uric acid for sample of women. Baghdad Sci J. 2015 Jun;12(2):279–87. doi:10.21123/bsj.2015.12.2.279-287. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303664415_The_Effect_of_Consumption_of_Dried_Spinach_Spinacia_oleracea_on_Level_of_Hemoglobin_and_Uric_Acid_for_Sample_of_Women#:~:text=The%20results%20of%20the%20experiment,acidity%2C%20and%20the%20undesirable%20test  
7. Sadiman S, Islamiyati I, Poddar S. The differences in hemoglobin levels before and after consuming ambon bananas in students. Enfermeria Clínica. June 2020; 30:115-118. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343176315_The_differences_in_hemoglobin_levels_before_and_after_consuming_ambon_bananas_in_students  
8. Irandegani F, Arbabisarjou A, Ghaljaei F, Navidian A, Karajibani M. The Effect of a Date Consumption-Based Nutritional Program on Iron Deficiency Anemia in Primary School Girls Aged 8 to 10 Years Old in Zahedan (Iran). Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2019 Dec 19;10:183-188. doi: 10.2147/PHMT.S225816. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6927593/  
9. Zaid F, Abduljawad E, Aljadani H, Ali N. Black Raisins Improved Experimentally Induced Iron Deficiency Anemia. Biochemical and Histological Evidence. J. Pharm. Res. Int. July 2021. DOI:10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i34A31839. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353005864_Black_Raisins_Improved_Experimentally_Induced_Iron_Deficiency_Anemia_Biochemical_and_Histological_Evidence  
10. Shah R, Deshpande S, Kulkarni A, Gujarathi R. Effect of Mixture of Figs, Dates and Currants on Symptomatology and Changes in Haematology and Biochemical Markers of Iron Deficiency Anaemia. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine. April 2023. 2(11):668-675. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380432964_Effect_of_Mixture_of_Figs_Dates_and_Currants_on_Symptomatology_and_Changes_in_Haematology_and_Biochemical_Markers_of_Iron_Deficiency_Anaemia  
11. Naimisha Y, Gunasekaran D, Ramesh R, Madhavi Massilamani D. Sesame Jaggery Ball Supplementation as a Dietary Adjunct Therapy in Treating Moderate Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Children Aged 6-11 Years in South India: An Open-Labeled Randomized Controlled Trial. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2025 Apr;41(2):267-273. doi: 10.1007/s12288-024-01880-1. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40224691/  

 Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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