Introduction

Blood thinners are key for managing health issues linked to blood clot formation. They help avoid severe problems like deep vein thrombosis, stroke, and heart attack. However, people are always looking out for more natural and risk-free methods that help in tackling their health conditions, and there are certain remedies out there that are said to act as natural blood thinners too. We’ll discuss the benefits and downsides of these natural blood thinners, and also their possible interaction with other drugs. But keep in mind to always enquire with your healthcare provider before using any natural alternative.

What are Blood Thinners? 

Blood thinners are nothing but anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs. These drugs keep blood clots from forming, which can cause heart attacks, strokes, and other perilous situations in those who are at risk of forming these clots. So, before we step into the world of natural alternatives, let’s see how these medications function. Below, we have discussed how blood thinners work.  

What Blood Thinners Do?

There are two main types of blood thinners: anticoagulants and antiplatelets. 

• Anticoagulants slow down the creation of blood clots. 
• Antiplatelets stop blood platelets from sticking together to form clots. 

Both help blood flow smoothly through the body. Because of this, blood thinners can help reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke. They do this by making blood clot formation less likely¹.  

Possible Drug Interactions

Blood thinners can interact with other medications, supplements, or some foods types. This can lead to unwanted things like a higher risk or less effect of the blood thinner. Always check with your healthcare provider about what you’re eating and taking along with blood thinners. 

Natural Ingredients With Blood Thinning Properties

Certain natural items have shown possible blood-thinning traits. But caution must be taken to never replace prescribed blood thinners with natural items. Also, don’t take them without asking your healthcare provider. Below, we have listed the natural items with proposed blood-thinning properties.  

1. Turmeric

Turmeric is a yellow spice used a lot in Asian food. It’s known for many potential healing traits, especially due to its curcumin content. Curcumin is the main active part of turmeric. Various studies² have shown that it acts as an anticoagulant. It does that by inhibiting certain clotting factors and stopping abnormal blood clots from forming. 

2. Ginger

Ginger is a root related to turmeric. It contains salicylate, a natural chemical that acts like aspirin and helps reduce the risk of  blood clotting³. Also, ginger has something called gingerols. These show antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects in some research⁴.

3. Cinnamon

Cinnamon contains a chemical called coumarin, which is known for its anticoagulant (blood-thinning) properties⁵. 

• Cassia Cinnamon vs. Ceylon Cinnamon 

There are two key types of cinnamon: Cassia and Ceylon. The first one has plenty of coumarin while the second does not. So, if you want it for its blood-thinning traits, pick Cassia over Ceylon. 

4. Cayenne Peppers

Cayenne peppers are rich in salicylates, which give them natural blood-thinning properties³. They may also help in reducing blood pressure and stopping clotting. Capsaicin present gives cayenne peppers their spicy taste. It is proposed to have blood-thinning traits. It may promote circulation and reduce blood clotting³. 

5. Vitamin E

Vitamin E has strong antioxidant qualities. It is proposed to act as a mild anticoagulant. Research⁷ suggests that vitamin E may stop platelet aggregation and help fibrinolysis. These outcomes avoid blood clot creation. 

6. Garlic

Garlic is an ingredient used worldwide. It is said to possess mild antiplatelet traits⁸. It contains a natural substance called allicin, which may stop blood cells (platelets) from sticking together⁸. This may reduce the odds of clot formation. 

7. Ginkgo Biloba

Ginkgo biloba is a Chinese plant and an often-used herbal pill, that may have effects on blood circulation. Research⁹ suggests that ginkgo biloba may help stop blood cells (platelets) from clumping together. This means it might work like a natural blood thinner and help improve blood flow in the body.

8. Grape Seed Extract

Grape seed extract is known for its potential antioxidant traits. It may act as a natural blood thinner¹⁰. Grape seed extract has antioxidants, which help protect your body’s cells from damage¹¹. This damage can lead to heart problems.

9. Dong Quai

Dong quai, a Chinese herb, is proposed to have mild blood-thinning abilities. Dong quai, or “female ginseng,” was used as a blood tonic in Chinese medicine. It has coumarin, known to have anticoagulant ( anti-clotting) traits^{12, 22}. 

10. Feverfew

Feverfew, coming from the daisy family, is proposed to show mild antiplatelet qualities. Feverfew is said to prevent platelet aggregation and clotting^{13, 14}. 

11. Bromelain

Bromelain, sourced from pineapple, may have blood-thinning abilities¹⁶. Studies¹⁵ show that bromelain may reduce the risk of  clot formation by hindering blood clotting protein production. 

12. Aloe Vera

Aloe vera holds many potential health benefits, including small blood-thinning ones. Aloe vera contains salicylates, like ginger and cayenne pepper. These chemicals in aloe vera may mildly act as anticoagulants and reduce blood clot formation¹⁷. 

13. Evening Primrose

Evening primrose oil, a herbal pill, is said to possess slight blood-thinning effects. Studies²⁴ say that evening primrose oil may stop blood clotting. It doesn’t allow platelet grouping. 

14. Melatonin

Melatonin, a sleep-regulating hormone produced by the body, is proposed to reduce blood clots with its antiplatelet effects. Research^{18, 19} suggests that melatonin may have mild anticoagulant traits. It stops platelet grouping and helps with overall blood circulation. 

Although the above-mentioned natural products have shown blood-thinning properties in studies, more large-scale human research is needed to confirm these.  

Also, never stop or taper your medication by yourself when planning to include any of these remedies. Always discuss with your healthcare provider before initiation, as they could suggest best whether or not you would need to continue with your medication when using these products and at what dose.  

Other Foods with Blood-Thinning Properties

Vitamin K-rich food may interact with some blood-thinning medicines as vitamin K is needed by the liver to produce proteins called clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X), without which blood cannot form clots²⁰. These foods may reduce the actions of blood thinners.  

1. Green Leafy Vegetables

Green vegetables like kale, spinach, and collard greens contain a lot of vitamin K²⁰. 

2. Fruits

Some fruits, like avocados, kiwis, and blackberries, have good amounts of vitamin K too²⁰. 

Recently I read about bilberry, a berry similar to blueberries that has substances called anthocyanins that can stop blood from clotting too much and prevent platelets from sticking together²¹. This may also help lower the chance of blood clots forming and reduce the risk of heart problems.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Talk to Your Doctor

Using natural blood thinners along with prescribed ones needs close watch by a healthcare provider. Only this can ensure a safe yet powerful management plan that answers any possible interactions between medications and the natural choices explored in this article. 

• Coagulation (clotting) Studies by simple blood tests

Regular tests and check-ups of blood to find out the blood clotting, bleeding time, thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen test, and CBC can help decide the best course. They also show any necessary changes needed in the management plan. 

• Adjusting Diet and Medications

Your healthcare provider may suggest changes to your diet or medicines, depending on the blood-thinning effects of natural options and their interactions with prescribed blood thinners. 

Also Read: Top Benefits of Taking Multivitamin Capsules

Conclusion

Natural blood thinners like turmeric, ginger, and cinnamon may offer possible health benefits. Viewing them as an additional support for heart health is great. But, only relying on these may not give you ample protection like prescribed blood thinners. Blood thinner medicines have been studied widely for their effects based on dosage and strength, while there is no guideline to understand the effect of natural blood thinners consumed as food or supplements. Hence, it is vital to always ask your healthcare provider before considering natural blood thinners for your management plan. They need to go well with your prescribed medicines, and there must be no negative interactions. By teaming up closely with your doctor we can create a safe and useful plan.  

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. National Library of Medicine. Blood thinners. Anticoagulants | MedlinePlus. [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html
2. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Anticoagulant activities of curcumin and its derivative [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22531131
3. Chaudhary Z, Upadhyay S, Upadhyay U. Blood thinners in herbal. National Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2022 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://www.pharmajournal.net/article/59/2-2-20-878.pdf
4. Koo KLK, Ammit AJ, Tran VH, Duke CC, Roufogalis BD. Gingerols and related analogues inhibit arachidonic acid-induced human platelet serotonin release and aggregation. Thrombosis Research. 2001 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11553371/ 
5. Carlton BD. Coumarins. In: Elsevier eBooks [Internet]. 2005. p. 674–6. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/coumarin 
6. National Blood Clot Alliance. Blood clot FAQs – Drugs & food interactions – Blood clots. Blood Clots. 2020 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://www.stoptheclot.org/about-clots/faqs/faq-drugs-food/
7. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Vitamin E: Where Are We Now in Vascular Diseases? [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8874674 
8. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Not just a vampire repellent: the adverse effects of garlic supplements in surgery [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3954349 
9. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Ginkgo biloba : A Treasure of Functional Phytochemicals with Multimedicinal Applications [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8901348 
10. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Dual Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Activity of Polyphenolic Grape Seeds Extract [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356405  
11. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Grape seed extract: having a potential health benefits [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054588  
12. Abebe W. Review of herbal medications with the potential to cause bleeding: dental implications, and risk prediction and prevention avenues. The EPMA Journal. 2019 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6459456/ 
13. Nouruzi S, Farahani AV, Rezaeizadeh H, Ghafouri P, Ghorashi SM, Omidi N. Platelet aggregation inhibition: An evidence-based systematic review on the role of herbs for primary prevention based on randomized controlled trials. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals). 2022 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9652499/ 
14. Alenzi KA, Alharbi FH, Tawhari FM, Fradees GS. Alteration of coagulation test results and vaginal bleeding associated with the use of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium). Journal of Medical Cases. 2020 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8383641/ 
15. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Bromelain, a Group of Pineapple Proteolytic Complex Enzymes ( Ananas comosus ) and Their Possible Therapeutic and Clinical Effects. A Summary [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8534447 
16. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Beneficial Properties of Bromelain [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8709142 
17. Dapper DV, Achinike PN, Gwotmut MD. The effects of Aloe vera [gel] on clotting time, prothrombin time and plasma fibrinogen concentration in albino Wistar rats. Port Harcourt Medical Journal. 2007 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272442084_The_effects_of_Aloe_vera_gel_on_clotting_time_prothrombin_time_and_plasma_fibrinogen_concentration_in_albino_Wistar_rats 
18. Hosseinzadeh A, Bagherifard A, Koosha F, Amiri S, Karimi-Behnagh A, Reiter RJ, et al. Melatonin effect on platelets and coagulation: Implications for a prophylactic indication in COVID-19. Life Sciences. 2022 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9356576/ 
19. Otamas A, Grant PJ, Ajjan RA. Diabetes and atherothrombosis: The circadian rhythm and role of melatonin in vascular protection. Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research. 2020 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1479164120920582
20. MedlinePlus. Vitamin K: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. MedlinePlus. [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002407.htm
21. Chu WK, Cheung SCM, Lau RW, Benzie IFF. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.). Herbal Medicine – NCBI Bookshelf. 2011 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92770/
22. Chua Y, Ang X, Zhong X, Khoo K. Interaction between warfarin and Chinese herbal medicines. Singapore Medical Journal. 2015 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4325561/ 
23. National Library of Medicine. Blood thinners. Anticoagulants | MedlinePlus. [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html
24. Assessment of anticoagulant effect of evening primrose oil. PubMed. 2009 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19783511/ 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

11

2

Introduction

Feeling a tingle in your hands? It may be more than a minor annoyance and could signal an underlying health issue. That is why it is important to understand the possible causes and known when to see a doctor. In this article, we’ll explore why you experience tingling in the hands and discuss potential management options.  

This article highlights the main reasons behind hand tingling, ranging from common causes like diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, and pinched nerves to less-known ones like vasculitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome. We will also discuss the role of autoimmune disorders and infections, along with possible management strategies to guide you. 

Understanding Tingling in Hands

What does tingling in your hands feel like? Most people describe it as a “pins-and-needles” sensation. It can accompany numb hands, aching pain, or weak muscles. Let’s understand what tingling really is and why it happens.  

What is Tingling?

Tingling is a prickly or itching sensation. It may not always be painful, but it does cause discomfort. It is also important to understand that tingling in your hands and feet now and then can be normal, but if it keeps happening or is always there, it could point to a serious underlying health problem.  

Symptoms

Hand tingling is usually perceived as 

• A pins-and-needles feeling  
• Numbness in the hands or fingers³  
• An itching or prickly feeling¹  
• Pain in the hands (a tingling feeling)¹  
• Not able to have a grip (clumsiness) 

Common Reasons for Tingling in Hands

Tingling of the hands may be caused by many factors. It could be a temporary problem or may point to a bigger underlying problem. Let’s look closer at some likely causes of tingling in the hands.  

1. Diabetic Neuropathy 

Diabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by high blood sugar levels. It often affects the hands and feet and is characterised by tingling sensations in the extremities⁴. Therefore, managing diabetes and maintaining normal glucose levels is essential to reduce the risk of developing further complications. 

2. Vitamin Deficiency 

Group B vitamins are key for supporting nerve health. If you’re deficient in these (especially vitamin B12), your peripheral nerves might be affected and cause hand tingling¹.

3. Pinched Nerve 

When surrounding tissues put too much pressure on a nerve, it can become pinched, leading to tingling or numbness in the area that nerve serves¹. Changing your body position or undergoing physiotherapy may relieve the symptoms.  

4. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition, where the median nerve in the wrist is compressed, causing tingling and numbness in the hands and fingers². To help reduce carpal tunnel symptoms, wear wrist splints and adopt ergonomic practices to keep the wrist straight.  

5. Kidney Failure 

If kidney function is impaired, waste products can build up in the bloodstream and damage the nerves. This nerve damage can result in a tingling sensation in the hands⁵. Therefore, it is crucial to manage kidney diseases and maintain a healthy lifestyle.  

6. Pregnancy 

Swelling and fluid retention during pregnancy can put pressure on certain nerves, sometimes causing tingling in the hands². Simple measures such as changing hand positions, gentle stretching, and adequate rest may help ease discomfort.  

7. Medication Use 

Some drugs may damage the nerves, which can trigger a tingling sensation in the hands and feet. Consulting a doctor may help determine the most appropriate management plan.  

Pain, numbness, or tingling in your thumb, index finger, middle finger, and part of your ring finger may be a sign of carpal tunnel syndrome. If it worsens at night or after a particular activity, it should not be ignored. 

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

Autoimmune Disorders and Infections

Some autoimmune and infectious diseases may also cause tingling in the hands. In autoimmune conditions, the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells (including the nerves, leading to a tingling sensation). In infections, the immune system attacks the invading germs, but the resulting inflammation may affect the nerves, causing a tingling sensation¹.

Autoimmune Disorders and Tingling

Autoimmune disorders may lead to hand tingling if the immune system mistakenly attacks nerves or the tissues that support them. Identifying autoimmune disorders early and managing them well may help lower symptoms. Autoimmune disorders that may be associated with hand tingling include:  

1. Rheumatoid Arthritis 

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that triggers joint inflammation³. This may lead to hand tingling, especially in the wrists. To manage it, doctors may suggest pain-reducing medicines, anti-inflammatory medications, and physiotherapy.  

2. Multiple Sclerosis 

Multiple sclerosis occurs when your immune system attacks the protective layer of the nerves, which is called myelin. This can cause nerve damage, bringing about tingling and numbness in the limbs, face, and other parts of the body. Detecting and managing this disease early may help to slow it down.  

3. Lupus 

Lupus is an autoimmune disorder that can harm various body parts and cause nerve inflammation, leading to tingling sensation in the hands. Managing it involves taking medications and making lifestyle changes. 

4. Celiac Disease 

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder in which eating gluten damages the small intestine. It may cause hand tingling due to celiac neuropathy, sometimes even without digestive system symptoms. Following a strict gluten-free diet may help manage the condition.  

5. Guillian Barre Syndrome 

Some individuals may develop a rare disorder called Guillian Barre syndrome after an infection like a stomach infection or the flu. The syndrome first starts as weakness and tingling in the hands and feet and then spreads, causing whole-body paralysis. In this condition, the immune system of the body starts attacking the nerves¹.

If the tingling sensation in your hands does not go away in a few minutes or repeatedly appears over a few days, then it could be because of an additional condition or nerve damage. If you have been in an accident or think you have had an injury, seek medical help even if you don’t have any visible injuries.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD(Pediatrics)

Infections Causing Tingling in Hands

Infections can sometimes set off nerve inflammation, resulting in hand tingling. Thus, managing the infection correctly is key to possibly reducing related symptoms. Infections that may be associated with hand tingling include: 

1. Lyme Disease 

Ticks transmit Lyme disease, a bacterial infection. If not managed, it can affect the nervous system and cause hand tingling⁶. Timely treatment with antibiotics may help control the infection and possibly reduce the tingling sensation. 

2. Shingles 

The varicella-zoster virus can reactivate and trigger shingles⁶, a painful rash caused by damaged nerve fibres. If it affects the nerves of the hands and arms, you may feel tingling and itchiness. Antiviral medications may help in reducing the rash’s duration and intensity.  

3. Hepatitis B and C 

Hepatitis B and C are viral infections that mainly affect the liver. If untreated, they can lead to inflammation, cirrhosis, or liver cancer and trigger peripheral neuropathy, resulting in occasional hand tingling. Identifying these conditions and managing them is essential to prevent their progression. 

4. HIV or AIDS 

HIV weakens the immune system, increasing the chance of other infections and cancers. If left unchecked, it can worsen and severely damage the immune system⁶. The virus may also affect the nervous system, causing tingling and numbness. Managing and monitoring HIV in time is of paramount importance to help slow disease progression and help reduce complications like nerve-related tingling.  

5. Hansen’s Disease (leprosy) 

This bacterial infection affects the skin, nerves, and respiratory tract⁶. When it affects the nervous system, it can bring about tingling or numbness in the affected body parts, including the hands. Early diagnosis and treatment with appropriate antibiotics is important.  

Other Possible Causes for Tingling in Hands

There may be other reasons for experiencing tingling in your hands, as follows: 

1. Hypothyroidism 

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland fails to make enough thyroid hormones. In severe cases, it may damage the nerves⁷, leading to tingling and numbness in the hands and feet. Its management usually includes thyroid hormone replacement therapy.  

2. Toxin Exposure 

Some toxins and chemicals act as neurotoxins, harming the nervous system and causing tingling or other symptoms¹. Avoiding heavy metals, industrial chemicals, and toxic substances may help reduce the chance of nerve damage.  

3. Fibromyalgia 

Fibromyalgia brings about body-wide muscle pain, fatigue, and mood shifts. Some patients with fibromyalgia might feel tingling in their hands. Medications, exercise, stress reduction, and sleep hygiene may ease these symptoms.  

4. Ganglion Cyst 

Ganglion cysts are liquid-filled bumps that mostly arise around the joints. They can press against nearby nerves, causing tingling in the hand or fingers⁸. Treatment options include aspiration, immobilisation and, in some cases, surgery.  

5. Cervical Spondylosis 

With age, changes in the cervical (neck region) spine can cause worn-out spinal discs, bone spurs, or arthritis. If these press on the spinal cord, they can lead to worsening neck pain and numbness or tingling in the arms and legs⁹. Possible management options may be physical therapy, drugs, or surgery.  

6. Raynaud’s Phenomenon 

Raynaud’s phenomenon affects blood flow to the hands and feet. Cold temperatures or stress can cause blood vessels to constrict, reducing blood flow, and leading to numbness or tingling in the fingers and toes. Warming the affected areas, avoiding triggers, and certain medications may help manage the symptoms. 

7. Alcohol-related Neuropathy 

Long-term alcohol use can damage nerves, leading to tingling in the hands and feet¹⁰. Cutting down on or quitting alcohol, improving the diet, and seeking medical support may help manage this condition.  

Diagnosis and Management

Finding the root cause of hand tingling is key to proper management. Always consult a healthcare provider for diagnosis and management. They will consider your overall health, medical history, family history, lifestyle, and symptoms to identify possible causes.  

Identifying the Root Cause

Your healthcare provider may use different tools to find the exact cause of hand tingling, as follows:  

• Medical history and physical examination: Sharing your symptoms, lifestyle, and past medical issues in detail with your healthcare provider may help them find the likely cause.  
• Imaging techniques and nerve conduction studies: X-rays, MRIs, ultrasounds, or nerve tests (like electromyography) can help identify nerve issues or other issues causing the tingling.  

Management Options

Once the root cause is identified, your healthcare provider may advise the best way forward, which may include: 

1. Lifestyle Changes and Self-care 

Managing stress, regular exercise, a healthy diet, and good sleep hygiene may help keep hand tingling away.  

2. Medications and Supplements 

Depending on the cause, prescription drugs, over-the-counter remedies, or vitamin supplements may be advised by your doctor to help manage your symptoms.  

3. Physical Therapy and Alternative Therapies 

Physical therapy, chiropractic care, massage therapy, acupuncture, or other alternative options may be able to offer relief for tingling hands¹. 

Important: Treatment must always be done as per your healthcare provider’s advice. Self-diagnosis and self-medication must be avoided at all costs.  

When to Seek Medical Advice

If you have frequent occurrences of hand tingling, especially with other worrying symptoms, you should consult your doctor as soon as possible.  

1. Identifying Concerning Symptoms 

Watch out for symptoms like swelling in the limb or poor limb strength, numbness, dizziness, or breathing problems, along with hand tingling, as they can indicate serious conditions. In such a case, you need to consult your doctor immediately.  

2. Importance of Early Intervention 

The earlier you find the cause of hand tingling, the better. Timely management may reduce symptoms and stop further issues.  

3. Emergency Situations 

Rarely, hand tingling or numbness might hint at a life-risk event, like a stroke or heart attack. If you experience symptoms like face drooping, slurring of speech, shortness of breath, cold sweats, or discomfort in the chest, neck, jaw, or stomach along with hand numbness¹¹, call an ambulance at once.  

4. Tips to Avoid and Manage Hand Tingling 

Following healthy habits and taking appropriate steps to address the root cause may keep hand tingling at bay.  

Healthy Habits for Avoiding Tingling

Adopting simple lifestyle changes can support overall health and may help reduce hand tingling. Some helpful practices include:  

1. Proper Nutrition 

A diet with a lot of vitamins and minerals may keep nerves healthy. It may also help reduce vitamin deficiency that often triggers tingling.  

2. Exercise and Posture 

Regular workouts and good body posture may help avoid pinched nerves. It may also boost blood flow in the body, reducing the chance of hand tingling.  

3. Stress Management 

Lowering your stress levels may reduce the chance of conditions that can trigger hand tingling.  

4. Managing Existing Conditions That Cause Tingling 

Working with your healthcare provider to manage existing conditions (like diabetes and autoimmune disorders) may help reduce tingling.  

Conclusion

Hand tingling may result from temporary issues or more serious underlying causes. Identifying the cause is key to finding the most suitable management options and may also help prevent further health complications. Adopting healthy lifestyle habits, addressing existing conditions, and seeking timely medical advice can support overall well-being and may help reduce tingling in the hands.  

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Peripheral neuropathy [Internet]. NINDS; [cited 2025 Sep 15]. Available from: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/peripheral-neuropathy 

2. Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome [Internet]. Health Awareness – Educational Content, Diseases, Nervous System; [cited 2025 Sep 15]. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/en/HealthAwareness/EducationalContent/Diseases/Nervous-system/Pages/carpal-tunnel-syndrome.aspx 

3. NIH News in Health. Finger Numbness, Could It Be Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? NIH News in Health [Internet]. NIH; [cited 2025 Sep 15]. Available from: https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/03/finger-numbness 

4. Bodman MA, Dreyer MA, Varacallo MA. Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy [Internet]. StatPearls; [cited 2025 Sep 15]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442009/ 

5. Arnold R, Issar T, Krishnan AV, Pussell BA. Neurological complications in chronic kidney disease. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis. 2016 Nov 3;5:2048004016677687. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5102165/ 

6. Brizzi KT, Lyons JL. Peripheral nervous system manifestations of infectious diseases. Neurohospitalist. 2014 Oct;4(4):230-40. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4212417/ 

7. Oh S, Kim HK, Kwak J, Kim T, Jang SH, Lee KH, Kim MJ, Park SB, Han SH. Causes of hand tingling in visual display terminal workers. Ann Rehabil Med. 2013 Apr;37(2):221-8. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3660483/ 

8. Gregush RE, Habusta SF. Ganglion Cyst. [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; [cited 2025 Sep 15]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29262133/

9. Margetis K, Tadi P. Cervical Spondylosis. [Updated 2025 Aug 2]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; [cited 2025 Sep 15]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551557/ 

10. Chopra K, Tiwari V. Alcoholic neuropathy: possible mechanisms and future treatment possibilities. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012 Mar;73(3):348-62. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3370340/ 

11. NIH News in Health. Can You Recognize a Heart Attack or Stroke? NIH News in Health [Internet]. NIH; [cited 2025 Sep 15]; Available from: https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2014/08/can-you-recognize-heart-attack-or-stroke 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes. 

4

Introduction

Constipation impacts millions of people worldwide. It’s a painful and uncomfortable condition that does not have a one-size-fits-all solution. Relief may be found through lifestyle and dietary changes and natural remedies. Understanding different types of laxatives, including their benefits and risks, is key to finding the right approach.  

In this guide, we explore what natural laxatives are, how they may help relieve constipation, and how to safely include them in your daily routine. This will allow you to make the best decision when it comes to dealing with constipation^1,3. 

Understanding Laxatives

Let us understand what laxatives are, how they function, the types of laxatives, and their pros and cons^4,5. 

What Are Laxatives?

Laxatives are substances that may help relieve constipation by encouraging bowel movements or softening stools. They are available in various forms, including tablets, powders, and liquids. Some laxatives are found naturally in foods such as certain oils and fibre-rich items. 

How Laxatives Work

Laxatives work in different ways, but their goal is the same, to stimulate bowel movements. Some increase the bulk of stools or soften them, making them easier to pass. Others help by lubricating the gut lining or triggering the colon muscles to contract, helping the stools move through the digestive tract more smoothly. 

Types of Laxatives

The types of laxatives include:  

• Bulk-forming laxatives increase the bulk of stools, making them easier to pass.  
• Stool softeners pull water into the intestines to soften stools for easy passage.  
• Lubricant laxatives cover the stool surface and make it slippery for easy passage.  
• Osmotic laxatives pull water into the bowels, and make bowel movements easier by bulking up the stools.  
• Stimulant laxatives cause the intestines to contract, thus speeding up the movement of stools through the intestines². 

Do you know why these laxatives are referred to as ‘natural’? This is because these laxatives are a by-product of plants. Plants are used as raw materials to formulate these laxatives that aid constipated patients⁴¹. 

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Some natural laxative alternatives may also work similarly to relieve constipation. 

Natural Laxatives for Constipation Relief

Let’s look at how natural laxatives, such as certain oils, dietary changes, fermented foods, and herbal remedies, can be used at home to support bowel movements. The best choice depends on individual needs and preferences. 

Foods rich in fibre are among the most effective natural laxatives. They may help improve digestion and ease constipation when included regularly in your diet. Below are some high-fibre foods that can be beneficial:  

1. Chia Seeds

 Chia seeds are high in fibre and have about 10 grams of fibre per 28 grams (1 ounce). When soaked, they absorb water and form a gel-like substance, which may help soften stools and promote regularity in bowel movements^6,7. 

2. Berries

Berries such as strawberries, blueberries, and blackberries are good sources of fibre. Including them in your diet may support bowel movement frequency and improve stool consistency⁸. 

3. Legumes

Legumes including beans, chickpeas, lentils, and peas are packed with fibre. They can help add bulk to stools and may encourage the growth of healthy gut bacteria⁹. 

4. Flaxseeds

Flaxseeds provide both soluble and insoluble fibre, which may help maintain regular bowel movements. One tablespoon of flaxseeds contain around 3 grams of fibre. They can be easily added to smoothies, salads, or baked dishes^10,12. 

5. Leafy Greens

Leafy greens such as spinach, kale, and collard greens are high in fibre and magnesium. Magnesium helps draw water into the intestines which may soften stools¹³.  

7. Oat Bran

Oat bran is extracted from the outer layer of oat grains. It contains about 5.3 to 8.4 grams of fibre per 100 grams and may help support digestive health⁹. 

8. Prunes

Prunes are known for their fibre and natural sorbitol content. They may support regular bowel movements and improve stool consistency¹⁴. 

9. Kiwifruit

Kiwis contain fibre and natural enzymes that may aid digestion. One kiwi offers approximately 2.3 grams of fibre, which may help support healthy bowel movements and overall digestive health¹⁵. 

Hydration and Constipation

Importance of Water

Staying well-hydrated plays a key role in supporting healthy bowel movements. Drinking enough water can help soften stools, making them easier to pass. It also supports the natural process of waste elimination from the body. 

Other Hydrating Beverages

In addition to plain water, other fluids may support digestion and relieve constipation. Warm water or herbal teas, such as ginger or peppermint, may help stimulate gut movement. However, it is best to limit drinks high in sugar or caffeine, as they may worsen constipation in some individuals^16,17. 

Probiotic and Fermented Foods

Your gut health may also get a boost from probiotics and fermented foods. They may help your digestion and serve as natural laxatives^18,22. 

1. Kefir

Kefir, a fermented drink, is packed with probiotics. This may do wonders for your digestive health. Regularly drinking kefir may lead to improved stool shape and frequency, less need for laxatives, and better bowel function.  

2. Greek Yogurt

Another probiotic-rich food is Greek yogurt. The “live and active cultures” in Greek yogurt may assist digestion and lessen constipation by fostering the growth of beneficial gut bacteria.  

3. Other Probiotic Foods

Other probiotic food choices include sauerkraut, kimchi, miso, tempeh, and kombucha. Adding these to your diet may enhance your digestive health.  

Oils for Constipation Relief

Some oils may have laxative properties and could help with constipation.  

1. Olive Oil

Olive oil may help soften stools and support smoother bowel movements. Taking a spoonful on an empty stomach or adding it to meals is a simple way to include it in your routine¹¹. 

2. Castor Oil

Castor oil, made from castor beans, contains ricinoleic acid, a compound that may help digestion and aid bowel movements. However, it should be used with caution and in moderation²³. 

3. Coconut Oil

Coconut oil contains medium-chain fatty acids that may support digestion and help soften stool consistency. It can be added to food in small amounts as part of a balanced diet²⁴. 

According to me, both natural laxatives (derived from plants) and synthetic laxatives (made by man using chemical compounds) have similar potential uses and side effects, as both work as stimulant laxatives. Therefore, one may avoid the use of laxatives in general by following other measures such as drinking plenty of water, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly⁴¹.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Herbal Laxatives and Supplements

Several herbal remedies and supplements may support digestive health and encourage regular bowel movements. Below are some options to consider: 

1. Senna

Senna, a plant-derived laxative, is commonly found in over-the-counter products. Sennosides in senna make the nerves in your colon active. This may aid in bowel movements²⁵. 

2. Rhubarb

Rhubarb contains sennoside A and may act as a natural stool softener and ease bowel movement regularity²⁶. 

3. Psyllium

Psyllium husk, made from the Plantago ovata plant, is a source of soluble fibre. It may help by increasing stool bulk and easing its passage through the intestines²⁷.  

4. Magnesium Citrate

Magnesium citrate, available as an over-the-counter supplement, is an osmotic laxative that pulls water into the intestines, which can soften stools and make bowel movements easier^28,30. 

5. Aloe Vera

Aloe vera, particularly its juice, contains natural compounds called anthraquinones that may have a laxative effect. It should be used with caution and in moderation³¹. 

Other Natural Remedies for Constipation

In addition to dietary and herbal support, certain lifestyle changes may also help constipation, as follows: 

1. Exercise

Regular moderate physical activity, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, may stimulate intestinal movement and reduce the risk of constipation³². 

2. Coffee

For some people, coffee may help trigger bowel movements due to its stimulating effect on the digestive system^33,35. 

3. High-Fibre Fruits and Vegetables

Fruits and vegetables that are high in fibre, like apples, pears, broccoli, and carrots, may help in digestion and relieve constipation. They also offer essential nutrients as an added benefit^9,36,38. 

Precautions and Risks of Natural Laxatives

Although natural laxatives may offer relief from occasional constipation, they should be used wisely^5,39. 

1. When to See a Doctor?

If your constipation is ongoing, severe, or accompanied by pain or bleeding, consult a healthcare provider. This may help rule out more serious underlying issues.  

2. Side Effects and Interactions

Some natural laxatives can cause bloating, cramps, or gas. Always check with your doctor before trying herbal or supplement-based remedies, especially if you’re on other medications. 

3. Overuse and Dependency

Regular or excessive use of any laxative, natural or otherwise, may lead to dependency or disrupt normal bowel function. Use these remedies in moderation and under medical advice when needed.  

Also Read: Simple Home Remedies to Help Ease PCOS Symptoms 

Conclusion

Constipation is a common issue that can affect your comfort and quality of life. Various natural approaches, such as dietary changes, hydration, physical activity, and some herbal options, may offer relief. However, it’s important to use these remedies cautiously and consult your healthcare provider for guidance, especially if symptoms persist. Being informed about potential risks and benefits can help you make safe and effective choices.  

Also Read: Natural Home Remedies For Constipation By Dr. Siddharth Gupta

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

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2. Diaz S, Bittar K, Hashmi MF, et al. Constipation. [Updated 2023 Nov 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513291/  
3. Rao SSC, Brenner DM. Efficacy and Safety of Over-the-Counter Therapies for Chronic Constipation: An Updated Systematic Review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 Jun 1;116(6):1156-1181. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001222. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8191753/
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5. Bashir A, Sizar O. Laxatives. [Updated 2024 Jan 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537246/   
6. Kulczyński B, Kobus-Cisowska J, Taczanowski M, Kmiecik D, Gramza-Michałowska A. The Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Chia Seeds-Current State of Knowledge. Nutrients. 2019 May 31;11(6):1242. doi: 10.3390/nu11061242. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627181  
7. Coorey R, Tjoe A, Jayasena V. Gelling properties of chia seed and flour. J Food Sci. 2014 May;79(5):E859-66. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.12444. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24734892  
8. Dreher ML. Whole Fruits and Fruit Fiber Emerging Health Effects. Nutrients. 2018 Nov 28;10(12):1833. doi: 10.3390/nu10121833. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6315720/  
9. Khalid W, Arshad MS, Jabeen A, Muhammad Anjum F, Qaisrani TB, Suleria HAR. Fiber-enriched botanicals: A therapeutic tool against certain metabolic ailments. Food Sci Nutr. 2022 Aug 26;10(10):3203-3218. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2920. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9548355/  
10. Sun J, Bai H, Ma J, Zhang R, Xie H, Zhang Y, Guo M, Yao J. Effects of flaxseed supplementation on functional constipation and quality of life in a Chinese population: A randomized trial. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2020;29(1):61-67. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202003_29(1).0009. Available from: https://apjcn.nhri.org.tw/server/APJCN/29/1/61.pdf   
11. Ramos CI, Andrade de Lima AF, Grilli DG, Cuppari L. The short-term effects of olive oil and flaxseed oil for the treatment of constipation in hemodialysis patients. J Ren Nutr. 2015 Jan;25(1):50-6. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2014.07.009. Available from: https://www.jrnjournal.org/article/S1051-2276(14)00141-1/abstract   
12. Goyal A, Sharma V, Upadhyay N, Gill S, Sihag M. Flax and flaxseed oil: an ancient medicine & modern functional food. J Food Sci Technol. 2014 Sep;51(9):1633-53. doi: 10.1007/s13197-013-1247-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4152533  
13. Dark Green Leafy Vegetables [Internet]. ARS US Department of Agriculture. Cited 2025 Jul 11. Available from:  https://www.ars.usda.gov/plains-area/gfnd/gfhnrc/docs/news-articles/2013/dark-green-leafy-vegetables   
14. Lever E, Cole J, Scott SM, Emery PW, Whelan K. Systematic review: the effect of prunes on gastrointestinal function. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Oct;40(7):750-8. doi: 10.1111/apt.12913. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25109788  
15. Bayer SB, Gearry RB, Drummond LN. Putative mechanisms of kiwifruit on maintenance of normal gastrointestinal function. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018;58(14):2432-2452. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1327841. Available from:  https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10408398.2017.1327841  
16. Boilesen SN, Tahan S, Dias FC, Melli LCFL, de Morais MB. Water and fluid intake in the prevention and treatment of functional constipation in children and adolescents: is there evidence? J Pediatr (Rio J). 2017 Jul-Aug;93(4):320-327. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.01.005. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021755717303315 
17. Popkin BM, D’Anci KE, Rosenberg IH. Water, hydration, and health. Nutr Rev. 2010 Aug;68(8):439-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00304.x. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2908954 
18. Dimidi E, Christodoulides S, Fragkos KC, Scott SM, Whelan K. The effect of probiotics on functional constipation in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Oct;100(4):1075-84. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.089151. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25099542
19. Turan İ, Dedeli Ö, Bor S, İlter T. Effects of a kefir supplement on symptoms, colonic transit, and bowel satisfaction score in patients with chronic constipation: a pilot study. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2014 Dec;25(6):650-6. doi: 10.5152/tjg.2014.6990. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25599776
20. Shi LH, Balakrishnan K, Thiagarajah K, Mohd Ismail NI, Yin OS. Beneficial Properties of Probiotics. Trop Life Sci Res. 2016 Aug;27(2):73-90. doi: 10.21315/tlsr2016.27.2.6. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031164
21. Choi CH, Chang SK. Alteration of gut microbiota and efficacy of probiotics in functional constipation. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015 Jan 31;21(1):4-7. doi: 10.5056/jnm14142. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4288092  
22. Sadeghzadeh M, Rabieefar A, Khoshnevisasl P, Mousavinasab N, Eftekhari K. The effect of probiotics on childhood constipation: a randomized controlled double blind clinical trial. Int J Pediatr. 2014;2014:937212. doi: 10.1155/2014/937212. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4000641 
23. Alookaran J, Tripp J. Castor Oil. [Updated 2024 May 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551626/.  
24. Mosińska P, Szczepaniak A, Wojciechowicz T, Skrzypski M, Nowak K, Fichna J. Chain length of dietary fatty acids determines gastrointestinal motility and visceromotor function in mice in a fatty acid binding protein 4-dependent manner. Eur J Nutr. 2020 Sep;59(6):2481-2496. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-02094-2. Epub 2019 Sep 27. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7413912/  
25. LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Senna. [Updated 2020 Apr 1]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547922/.  
26. Kon R, Ikarashi N, Nagoya C, Takayama T, Kusunoki Y, Ishii M, Ueda H, Ochiai W, Machida Y, Sugita K, Sugiyama K. Rheinanthrone, a metabolite of sennoside A, triggers macrophage activation to decrease aquaporin-3 expression in the colon, causing the laxative effect of rhubarb extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014 Feb 27;152(1):190-200. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.055. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24412547  
27. McRorie JW Jr, Fahey GC Jr, Gibb RD, Chey WD. Laxative effects of wheat bran and psyllium: Resolving enduring misconceptions about fiber in treatment guidelines for chronic idiopathic constipation. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2020 Jan;32(1):15-23. doi: 10.1097/JXX.0000000000000346. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31764399  
28. Mori H, Tack J, Suzuki H. Magnesium Oxide in Constipation. Nutrients. 2021 Jan 28;13(2):421. doi: 10.3390/nu13020421. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7911806  
29. Kojecky V, Dolina J, Kianicka B, Misurec M, Varga M, Latta J, Vaculin V. A single or split dose picosulphate/magnesium citrate before colonoscopy: comparison regarding tolerance and efficacy with polyethylene glycol. A randomized trial. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2014 Jun;23(2):141-6. doi: 10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.232.vk1. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24949605  
30. Manes G, Repici A, Hassan C; MAGIC-P study group. Randomized controlled trial comparing efficacy and acceptability of split- and standard-dose sodium picosulfate plus magnesium citrate for bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy. Endoscopy. 2014 Aug;46(8):662-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1365800. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25019969  
31. Surjushe A, Vasani R, Saple DG. Aloe vera: a short review. Indian J Dermatol. 2008;53(4):163-6. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.44785. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763764 
32. Gao R, Tao Y, Zhou C, Li J, Wang X, Chen L, Li F, Guo L. Exercise therapy in patients with constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2019 Feb;54(2):169-177. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2019.1568544. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30843436  
33. Rodak K, Kokot I, Kratz EM. Caffeine as a Factor Influencing the Functioning of the Human Body-Friend or Foe? Nutrients. 2021 Sep 2;13(9):3088. doi: 10.3390/nu13093088. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467199 
34. Rao SS, Welcher K, Zimmerman B, Stumbo P. Is coffee a colonic stimulant? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998 Feb;10(2):113-8. doi: 10.1097/00042737-199802000-00003. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9581985  
35. Silván JM, Morales FJ, Saura-Calixto F. Conceptual study on maillardized dietary fiber in coffee. J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Dec 8;58(23):12244-9. doi: 10.1021/jf102489u. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21067233  
36. Eating, Diet, & Nutrition for Constipation [Internet]. NIH. Cited 2025 Jul 09. Available from:  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/eating-diet-nutrition  
37. Akbar A, Shreenath AP. High Fiber Diet. [Updated 2023 May 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559033/ 
38. High-fiber foods [Internet]. MedlinePlus. Cited 2025 Jul 09. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000193.htm 
39. Chang L, Chey WD, Drossman D, Losch-Beridon T, Wang M, Lichtlen P, Mareya S. Effects of baseline abdominal pain and bloating on response to lubiprostone in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Nov;44(10):1114-1122. doi: 10.1111/apt.13807. Available from: Effects of baseline abdominal pain and bloating on response to lubiprostone in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation – PMC 
40. Bae SH. Diets for constipation. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2014 Dec;17(4):203-8. doi: 10.5223/pghn.2014.17.4.203. Epub 2014 Dec 31. Available from: Diets for Constipation – PMC 
41. Cornell Health. Laxative use [Internet]. Ithaca (NY): Cornell Health; [cited 2025 Sep 11]. Available from: https://health.cornell.edu/pdf-library/laxative-use

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

3

Introduction

Do you ever have days when your mouth tastes rusty? This strange taste is linked to dysgeusia, a term used to describe altered taste. Metallic taste can be rather worrying, especially if it hangs around. But there’s no need to panic. The metallic taste is usually not a big deal. It’s often due to common factors we’ll explore here.  

We’ll look at the reasons why you may have a metallic taste in your mouth and what does metallic taste in mouth means. We’ll also look at common causes of metallic taste in the mouth, its diagnosis procedures, and talk about when you should see a doctor. Alongside this, we’ll share ways in which you may handle this weird taste. Lastly, we’ll answer some common queries regarding a metallic taste in the mouth. 

Common Causes of Metallic Taste in the Mouth

The aim is clear. To investigate what causes a metallic taste in the mouth? Let’s find out the usual suspects behind metallic taste in the mouth¹¹. 

1. Oral Health Issues 

Your mouth care routine could be hiding the reason for your metallic taste. Many oral health issues can cause this. 

• Gum Disease: Skimping on oral care? It can lead to gum disease, and yes, a metallic taste. This odd flavor is linked to bleeding gums. Regular dental visits and treating gum issues are key to stopping this metallic taste. 
• Poor Oral Hygiene: Not brushing or flossing your teeth can lead to bacterial build-up in your mouth. This can also cause a metallic taste. The solution is to brush your teeth twice a day, floss once, and keep your mouth in tip-top shape. 
• Burning Mouth Syndrome: Burning mouth syndrome brings hot and metallic tastes. This condition can be tackled with medicines. Your doctor may prescribe tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines,  gabapentin, or psychotherapy for your symptoms. 
• Mouth Injury or Oral Surgery: If you injured your mouth or had recent oral surgery, it can result in a metallic taste too. The taste sticks around till your wounds heal and the bleeding stops. 

2. Health Conditions and Infections

Certain health issues can tamper with your sense of taste. This can result in a metallic flavor in your mouth. 

• Colds and Sinus Problems: Common cold or sinus issues also cause a sudden metallic taste in mouth. Your taste returns to normal as the infection clears. 
• Sjogren’s Syndrome: In this condition, your mouth dries up among other symptoms. It can leave a lingering metallic taste in your mouth¹⁰. 
• Diabetes and Low Blood Sugar: If you have diabetes or low blood sugar, your sense of taste may change. When your blood sugar drops too low, you may sense a metallic taste in your mouth⁴. 
• Kidney Failure: Kidney issues cause uric acid to spike which may affect taste. This can also lead to a metallic taste⁵. 
• Neurological Disorders, such as Dementia and Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Neurological issues can mess with how your brain translates signals from taste buds. These include dementia, multiple sclerosis, and Guillain-Barre Syndrome. All these can cause a metallic taste in your mouth. 
• Gastrointestinal Issues: A metallic taste can also be a sign of gut issues like GERD, indigestion, or acid reflux. Stomach acids traveling up into your mouth can trigger this. 

3. Pregnancy and Hormonal Changes

If you’re thinking, why do I have a metallic taste in my mouth while pregnant? Well, hormonal changes might be messing with your taste and smell. It often results in a metallic taste, more so during early pregnancy⁷. 

Dysgeusia, also known as an altered taste in the mouth, often complained of as a metallic taste, happens during the first trimester of pregnancy and goes away by the second trimester as the hormonal levels settle down, rarely extending till child birth.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

4. Medications and Supplements

Certain meds and supplements may leave a metallic taste in your mouth¹. These include: 

• Types of Medications That May Potentially Cause Metallic Taste:
  • Metronidazole, a type of antibiotic¹, 
  • Lithium, used for mental health issues¹, 
  • Blood pressure medications like captopril¹, 
  • Diabetes medicines such as metformin¹, 
  • Cancer drugs used in chemotherapy^1,2,9, 
  • Medicines used to control seizures, like phenytoin¹ 
  • Steroid pills¹
  • Iron tablets used in anemia¹ 
• Minerals and Vitamin Overdose: If you are thinking why there is a metal taste in my mouth? Then here maybe one more reason for it. Taking too many vitamins or minerals with metals like iron, copper, and zinc may make your mouth taste metallic. Stick to the recommended doses to dodge this side effect³. 

5. Cancer Therapies

Cancer treatments like chemo or radiation may alter taste. This may bring about a metallic taste in your mouth². 

6. Exposure to Toxic Chemicals

Coming in touch with toxins like mercury or lead can irritate your taste buds. This could give you a metallic taste. 

• Mercury or Lead Poisoning: Breathing in or eating large quantities of mercury or lead may poison you. This may result in metal taste in mouth⁶.
• Pine Nut Syndrome: Ever noticed a bitter, metallic taste after eating pine nuts? That’s called Pine Nut Syndrome. It’s harmless and resolves itself in a few weeks. 

7. Food Allergies and Anaphylaxis

Food allergies can bring a metallic taste to your mouth. More severe reactions may show anaphylaxis symptoms. This calls for urgent medical help⁸. 

A metallic taste can indicate a serious illness, such as kidney or liver problems, undiagnosed diabetes or certain cancers. But these reasons are uncommon and typically accompanied by other symptoms. If you’re otherwise healthy, the cause for that metallic tang typically is benign.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD(Pediatrics)

Diagnosis and When to See a Healthcare Professional

The metallic taste may come and go for some. It might be harmless. But it’s wise to know when it’s time to see a healthcare professional. 

• Recognizing Symptoms Indicating Serious Issues: It’s easy to shrug off a metallic taste. Ask yourself, should I pay more attention to it? If this taste sticks around, see your doctor. Particularly, if it comes with bad symptoms or signs of infection. 
• Getting an Accurate Diagnosis: To uncover the root cause of the metallic taste, your healthcare provider may do a physical examination. They’ll review your medical records. There’s a chance they may order some scans or send you to an ENT specialist. 

Treatment and Prevention Strategies

Once the cause of the metallic taste is clear, you can work out a game plan with your healthcare provider on how to get rid of metallic taste in mouth. The aim is to tackle the issue and avoid a relapse. 

• Improving Oral Health: Good oral hygiene may hold the key to getting rid of your metallic taste. Regular teeth cleaning, flossing, and taking care of dental problems may all help. 
• Managing Underlying Health Conditions: If you’ve got an underlying health issue causing the metallic taste, take care of it. That could potentially get rid of that odd taste. This could involve changing your treatment plan, diet, or starting new therapies. 
• Medication and Supplement Adjustments: Your doctor may suggest alternative medications or adjust your dosage. This is if your medications or supplements have been causing a metallic taste^1,3. 
• Discussing Cancer Therapy Side Effects with Healthcare Professionals: If the treatment brings a metallic taste, be sure to discuss it with your healthcare team². 
• Avoiding Exposure to Toxic Substances: If toxic waste exposure is the root cause, steer clear of it. Get urgent help from a doctor to stop long-term damage and help reduce or eliminate the metallic taste. 

Home Remedies and Coping Strategies

Getting to the root of the metallic taste is crucial. So is making yourself comfortable as you navigate it. 

• Oral Hygiene Best Practices: First off, stick to good oral care rules. Brush and floss regularly. Visit your dentist often. Don’t forget to use a good mouthwash. 
• Maintaining Hydration: Drinking enough water is important. It keeps your mouth from drying up, which would worsen the metallic taste. Herbal teas, coconut water, and flavored waters may keep things fun. 
• Opting for Non-Metallic Tasting Foods: Eating foods that don’t have a metallic taste may help. Go for fresh fruits, veggies, whole grains, lean proteins, and dairy. 
• Flavor Enhancers and Mouth Rinses: Add in flavor boosters like vinegar, lemon juice, herbs, and spices. They may overpower the metallic taste and help you enjoy meals. In addition, rinse your mouth with salt water or special mouthwashes which may relieve dry mouths. 

Conclusion

The metallic taste in your mouth can be a bother. But don’t worry, it could be managed and potentially resolved. Knowing the cause is half the battle. Seeking medical ideas for diagnosing and treating it is crucial. A healthy lifestyle goes a long way too. If the metallic taste comes from an underlying health issue or medication, work with your healthcare provider. Find the best course of action and take charge of wellness. 

Always listen to your body. Keep your eyes open for changes. Don’t shy away from discussing them with your doctor. The metallic taste may just be a passing phase. It could also hint at a larger issue needing a doctor’s attention. To ensure great health, stay aware, and stay proactive. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Influence of medications on taste and smell [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6051304 

2. PubMed. Metallic taste in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25499998 

3. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Taste Perception of Nutrients Found in Nutritional Supplements: A Review [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770818 

4. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Diabetic Tongue – Could it be a Diagnostic Criterion? [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4209693 

5. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Oral and salivary changes in patients with chronic kidney disease: A clinical and biochemical study [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4520115 

6. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Mercury Toxicity and Treatment: A Review of the Literature [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3253456 

7. PubMed. The Impact of Pregnancy on Taste Function [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28334158 

8. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Food allergies: Anaphylactic reactions (anaphylaxis) [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK453101 
9. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Drug-related taste disturbance [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2980431 
10. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Sjogren Syndrome [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431049 
11. National Health Service (NHS). Metallic taste [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/metallic-taste 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

3

Introduction

We’ve all experienced an itchy bottom at some point. This annoying symptom is even more aggravating at night when you’re trying to sleep. Wondering what makes your behind itch while you’re off to dreamland? Knowing what’s causing it and how to modify your habits can play a big role in getting rid of it. In this article, we’ll take a look at how to get rid of itchy anus at night and research-backed measures to tackle this problem so that you don’t have to lose your sleep over the itchy bottom anymore³!

Identifying the Causes of Itchy Anus at Night

Do you wonder what causes an itchy anus? To get rid of an itchy bottom, figuring out the root cause is crucial. There could be several reasons behind your discomfort, some serious, others not so much. Let’s delve into the possible causes. 

1. Bathroom Habits and Hygiene

Cleanliness plays a big role in having an itch-free bottom. Over-cleaning, under-wiping, or the use of harsh soaps may potentially irritate the sensitive skin around your anus, leading to itching. 

2. Haemorrhoids or Anal Fissures

Swollen veins (haemorrhoids) and small tears (anal fissures) near the rectum can cause discomfort, such as itching. If you think these conditions may be the reason you are facing itching issues, consult your healthcare provider to guide you to the right treatment. 

3. Diet

Did you know certain foods and drinks may trigger anal itching? Usual suspects include spicy or acidic food, alcohol, caffeine, and dairy. A balanced diet without trigger foods may bring relief from the itching. 

4. Sweat

Sweating leads to trapped moisture around your anal area¹. This may lead to itching, more so at night when there’s no fresh air circulation. 

5. Medications Taken Before Bed

Certain medications might list itching as a side effect. If you’re taking any medicines before bedtime, ask your healthcare provider if these could be causing your itchiness. 

6. Clothing Fabric

The choice of your underwear fabric affects comfort around your bottom. Tight synthetics can trap moisture and irritate the skin. Loose and breathable cotton underwear can prevent sweat trapping and itching. 

7. Threadworms

Threadworms are small parasitic worms that infect your gut and lay eggs around your anus. This can cause itching, especially at night. This condition is common in both children and adults.  If you feel that your itchy anus is due to worms, consulting a health professional is crucial.

8. Skin Conditions

Skin issues like eczema or psoriasis could be the culprits. If you have one of these long-term skin conditions that affect the skin around your anus, getting it treated by your healthcare provider can soothe the itching at night. 

9. Itchy Bum at Night During a Period

Women may find that their bottoms itch during menstruation due to extra moisture. Using high-absorbency pads or menstrual cups probably could ease the irritation at night. 

10. Itchy Bum in Children

Kids can also experience itchy anuses at night. The main suspects are threadworms, poor cleanliness, and sharing toys. 

In children, especially if much of the itching occurs at night and keeps your child awake, a pinworm infestation is likely the cause. If they have just started wetting the bed, that could also be due to pinworms irritating the urethra.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD(Paediatrics)

Practical Solutions for Anal Itching at Night

Now that you know the causes, let’s look at treatment options for how to get rid of itchy anus at night. Getting relief depends on what’s causing the itching. A combination of self-care and specific treatments usually fetches the best results. 

1. Topical Remedies

Quick relief can come from over-the-counter creams that may be recommended by your healthcare provider.  

If itching doesn’t reduce or becomes severe, contact your healthcare provider. They may prescribe stronger ointments, try to identify the specific cause, and provide treatment tailored to the cause⁴. 

2. Wearing Breathable Fabrics to Bed

Choosing soft, breathable cotton undies and pyjamas may ward off sweating and keep annoying irritation at bay². 

3. Keeping Cool at Night

Keeping your sleeping area cool may help avoid excessive sweating. Try a cooler room temperature and use light sheets that let your skin breathe. 

4. Employing Safer Hygiene Practices

Effective ways to keep your anal area clean and irritation-free are readily available². The proper wiping techniques, avoiding harsh soaps and wipes, and keeping the area cool and dry could all potentially reduce itching. 

5. Proper Wiping Techniques

After going to the toilet, clean up softly and thoroughly. You can use unscented tissues, moist wipes, or a bidet for a gentle and thorough clean. Women must be careful and always clean from front to back.  

6. Avoiding Harsh Soaps and Wipes

Choose gentle soaps and avoid scents or medicinal ones as they can make the itchiness worse².

More than 100 different causes for pruritus ani have been reported and the condition is 4 times more common in males than in females. While pregnant, females have a higher disposition for developing itching in the anal region due to hormonal changes and possible haemorrhoids or fissures, which require a thorough examination and management.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

When to See a Doctor?

It’s critical to see a healthcare provider if self-help does not fix the issue or if you notice other worrying signs: 

• Unending itch even with self-help measures 
• Seeing blood or pus 
• Serious pain or discomfort 
• Signs of illness, like fever or swelling 

Outlook and Prevention

Managing the issue that’s behind your itchy anus at night is key. You can incorporate some of these precautions into your daily routine to keep your skin comfortable. Here are some overall tips: 

• Develop good hygiene habits: Wipe gently, choose gentle soaps 
• Keep a balanced diet: Avoid trigger foods 
• Wear suitable clothes: Wear loose, breathable fabrics 
• Keep the skin clean and dry: Regularly clean the area and avoid moisture

Also Read: Difference between Piles vs Fissure

Conclusion

In conclusion, fixing an itchy anus at night is about finding the root of the issue and then applying proven solutions. The problem might feel irritating and slightly embarrassing, but taking action can drastically improve your life. When self-care doesn’t help, always contact your healthcare provider.  

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. PubMed. Why does sweat lead to the development of itch in atopic dermatitis? [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31152459/ 
2. National Health Service (NHS). Itchy bottom [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/itchy-anus 
3. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Pruritus Ani [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2647235 
4. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Topical capsaicin—a novel and effective treatment for idiopathic intractable pruritus ani: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 19]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1773800 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

2

1

Introduction

Anxiety touches millions globally. It hits everyday life and overall health hard. Lately, there’s been a surge in interest in holistic ways to manage anxiety. One such approach is using essential oils. These natural extracts have been around for ages and studies have reported their use in promoting relaxation, balancing emotions, and enhancing mental wellbeing.

In this blog, we are going to dig into the world of essential oils. We will discuss the evidence backed role of essential oils in easing anxiety. Also, we’ll talk about how you can use essential oils effectively and share some safety tips too. 

Understanding Essential Oils and Their Properties

Essential oils are nature’s gift. They’re extracted from different parts of plants using methods such as distillation or cold pressing. These oils have properties that can potentially shift our emotions, and mood, and bring an overall sense of well-being. 

Natural Extraction and Benefits

Essential oils are super concentrated, unstable compounds derived from plants. The specific plant part collected varies depending on the oil. This can include flowers, leaves, roots, and bark. People love these oils because they smell nice. Also, they have reported health benefits like reducing stress and pain, improving sleep, and boosting mood. 

Different Methods of Extraction

We can extract essential oils in a few ways. The most common techniques are steam distillation and cold pressing. Each has its own pros and cons. The choice depends on the type of plant, oil yield, and purity wanted. 

How Do Essential Oils Work?

Aromatherapy and Our Sense of Smell

What is aromatherapy? It’s a healing treatment that uses natural plant extracts, including essential oils, aiming to improve overall health and well-being. Here, smelling plays a vital role. Why? Because it links straightaway to our brain part that handles emotions, memories, and learning – the limbic system. When we sniff an essential oil, its particles mingle with our olfactory or smell system and send signals to our brain that might change our mood and emotional state. Isn’t that fascinating³⁶? 

Connecting Essential Oils and Mood Regulation

Lots of essential oils have compounds that may shift our mood. Some oils are calming, making us feel still. Others might stimulate us lightly to boost energy and focus. By picking certain essential oils based on their properties, we can potentially influence our emotions. This way, we can become good at handling anxiety. 

Essential Oil Compounds and Their Effects

The chemical makeup of essential oils can vary a lot. This depends on the plant’s source and extraction method. Many essential oils have active compounds that add to their scent, taste, and healing properties. Some compounds, like linalool in lavender or limonene in citrus oils, may interact with our nervous system and help guide our moods and emotions. 

Properties and Examples of Essential Oils

• Soothing and Calming Effects: Lavender, chamomile, valerian, ylang-ylang
• Mood-Lifting and Stimulating Properties: Peppermint³⁵, rosemary, sweet orange, lemon
• Active Compounds Helping with Mood Regulation: Linalool (found in lavender), limonene (found in citrus oils)

Research-Based Essential Oils for Anxiety Management

There is research backing the anxiety-reducing properties of some essential oils, some studies¹¹ have shown positive links between using specific essential oils and lesser anxiety symptoms, however, more large-scale human studies are needed to confirm these benefits. These oils can be used in addition to the prescribed treatment and therapy for anxiety management and should never be used to replace an existing treatment. The following essential oils have been found to be helpful for people dealing with anxiety issues-  

1. Lavender

The lavender essential oil comes from the flowers of the Lavandula angustifolia plant. Its scent is sweet and floral and it’s popular for its comforting effects. A good number of studies³ have shown that the fragrance of lavender essential oil may lower anxiety, improve sleep, and create a sense of calm. It may be beneficial for people with general anxiety issues, sleep disorders, and stress²⁵. 

2. Rose

Rose essential oil comes from the petals of Rosa damascena and other rose species. Its aroma is rich and floral. People know it for its soothing properties. It’s been found to help ease anxiety and blues. In one study⁹, females undergoing painful medical procedures felt less pain and anxiety after a belly massage using rose essential oil²². 

3. Sweet Basil

Sweet basil essential oil comes from the leaves of the Ocimum basilicum plant. It smells spicy and herbal⁶. It’s believed to help relax the mind and ease stress. Although research¹⁰ on sweet basil essential oil is limited, some animal studies⁵ show that it may soothe and make the nervous system drowsy. More research is needed to confirm its full potential for easing anxiety in humans. 

4. Jasmine

Jasmine essential oil comes from the flowers of the Jasminum grandiflorum plant. It has a sweet, exotic aroma and is often used in perfumes and cosmetics for its uplifting scent. According to a small study⁴, sniffing jasmine essential oil can affect our central nervous system to lift mood and lower anxiety or stress levels. 

5. Valerian

Valerian essential oil is made from the roots of the Valeriana officinalis plant. Its scent is earthy and woody. Not everyone may like it, but it’s valued for its calming effects. Studies suggest that valerian essential oil can help improve sleep quality, easing anxiety, and creating comfort. People with sleep disorders and anxiety-bound problems find it to be useful¹. 

6. Jatamansi

Also known as spikenard, Jatamansi essential oil comes from the roots of the Nardostachys Jatamansi plant. It has a warm, earthy scent and has been used in Ayurvedic medicine to keep the mind calm and help with sleep. Although studies² on Jatamansi essential oil and anxiety are limited, some animal studies feature that Jatamansi extract has high anti-anxiety effects. This may work through the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathway. 

7. Chamomile

Chamomile essential oil comes from the flowers of the Matricaria chamomilla plant. It’s known for its comforting, calming features to ease anxiety and promote comfort for centuries³¹. Research⁷ also suggests that chamomile add-ons can help ease anxiety symptoms in people with mild to moderate anxiety issues. 

8. Ylang-ylang

Ylang-ylang essential oil comes from the flowers of the Cananga odorata tree. Its scent is sweet and floral, thought to be uplifting and aphrodisiac. However scientific proof is limited, but traditionally the ylang-ylang essential oil is believed to help lower stress and anxiety and improve overall mood³⁰. 

9. Frankincense

Frankincense essential oil comes from the resin of the Boswellia tree. Its aroma is musky and sweet and people often use it in meditation and spiritual practices to keep calm. Some studies hint that rubbing frankincense essential oil can bring down stress levels and improve anxiety signs¹². 

10. Clary Sage

Clary sage essential oil comes from the leaves of the Salvia sclarea plant. It’s loved for its warm, relaxing features and is thought to work great at easing stress and tension. While there’s limited research on clary sage essential oil and anxiety, a small study²⁴ found that sniffing clary sage oil resulted in less stress and more feelings of wellness and comfort. 

11. Patchouli

Patchouli essential oil comes from the leaves of the Pogostemon cablin plant. It has a warm, earthy scent that was used in the past to provide calm and comfort. People report that patchouli essential oil can lessen stress and anxiety²⁰. But we need more research to affirm this. 

12. Geranium

The geranium essential oil comes from the leaves and stems of the Pelargonium graveolens plant. Its scent is sweet, and floral, and is often used in aromatherapy. It can help keep emotions in balance and diminish anxiety¹⁶. Some studies¹⁵ have found that sniffing geranium essential oil may lower anxiety levels and provide a soothing, calming effect. 

13. Lemon Balm

Lemon balm essential oil comes from the leaves of the Melissa officinalis plant. Its scent is fresh, citrus-like that’s thought to uplift the mood, which may also lessen the feelings of stress and anxiety¹⁷. While research on lemon balm essential oil and anxiety is limited, some reports suggest that it might have a mild comforting effect and help lift the overall mood¹⁸. 

14. Sweet Marjoram

Sweet marjoram essential oil comes from the flowers and leaves of the Origanum majorana plant. It carries a warm, herby aroma that’s thought to provide soothing and calming benefits. While science is still looking into this, people say that sweet marjoram essential oil helps lessen anxiety, and puts one at rest¹⁹. 

Recommendations and Potential Benefits

Besides the above-stated essential oils with the most evidence of anxiety-easing properties, some other oils also deserve a mention. 

• Bergamot oil: Its uplifting, energizing scent can help improve mood and lessen anxiety levels when used in aromatherapy^13,32. 
• Neroli oil: Comes from the flowers of the bitter orange tree, its sweet, citrus-like aroma is said to have anxiety-reducing properties²¹. 
• Peppermint oil: Its fresh, minty scent may awaken the senses potentially reducing the feeling of stress and anxiety²⁷. 
• Grapefruit oil: Like other citrus oils, grapefruit oil’s energizing, uplifting aroma may help lessen anxiety and lift overall mood²³. 
• Lemongrass oil: With its refreshing, citrus-like scent, lemongrass oil is thought to have calming properties and might be helpful in lowering anxiety³⁷. 

Although essential oils have been shown to be beneficial in easing anxiety, it is sometimes necessary to take medical help for anxiety issues. A counselor or a psychiatrist can guide you best in devising a management plan for your anxiety based on your underlying mental condition and needs.  

Methods of Using Essential Oils for Anxiety Relief

You can use essential oils to reduce anxiety in many ways as per your liking. Let’s talk about some popular methods to make the most of essential oils in your daily routine. 

1. Aromatherapy and Diffusion

One of the easiest and most effective ways to use essential oils is with aromatherapy⁸,¹⁴. You diffuse the oils in the air using a gadget called a diffuser. This lets you breathe in their healing properties and enjoy their calming effects. 

2. Different Types of Diffusers

There are different kinds of diffusers in the market, from simple reed diffusers to high-tech devices that produce a fine mist of essential oils. When picking a diffuser, think about things like how easy it is to use, area coverage, and noise level. 

3. Topical Application

Another way to use essential oils reduce anxiety is by putting them onto your skin.  You can dilute them with carrier oils like almond, coconut or jojoba oil and directly apply on the skin. Some essential oils can be kneaded into the skin or even added to a hot bath to reap the benefit of their calming effects. 

4. Proper Dilution with Carrier Oils

Note that it’s crucial always to dilute essential oils before applying them to your skin to prevent skin itchiness, burns, or unique reactions²⁹. You should follow the guidelines provided by the essential oil maker or ask a professional aromatherapist to guide on correct dilution ratios. 

5. Areas of the Body for Application

When using essential oils topically, target pulse points like your wrists, temples and the back of your neck. These areas have better absorption because they’re close to blood vessels and when the oil is applied to them it warms up faster, facilitating its diffusion into the skin. 

6. Inhaling Essential Oils

Sneaking in the scent of essential oils directly from the bottle or by putting a few drops on a tissue or cotton ball can also be quite relaxing. When anxiety strikes, this may offer immediate relief and help keep the mind calm. 

7. Cotton Balls and Nasal Inhalers

To breathe in essential oils on the move, put a few drops on a cotton ball or nasal inhaler, and take slow, deep breaths. This method can be handy during high-stress moments or bouts of anxiety. 

8. Environmental Application

You can also bring essential oils into your environment by means of scented jewelry, air fresheners, or adding a few drops to a hot water bowl, or a humidifier. This way, you wrap yourself with the calming aroma of the essential oils all day long. 

9. Combining Essential Oils with Other Relaxation Techniques

For the best results, you may consider adding essential oils to your daily rest routine along with other potential stress-relief techniques. Some examples include: 

• Deep breathing exercises: Deep breathing exercises can also calm the mind and lower anxiety. Taking slow, deep breaths while sniffing your favorite essential oil might aid in providing deeper comfort²⁸. 
• Self-massage with essential oils: Kneading diluted essential oils into your skin may possibly help ease muscle tension, increase circulation, and promote relaxation. Mix your favorite calming essential oil with a carrier oil, and gently knead the mixture into your temples, neck, or shoulders²⁶. 
• Mindful meditation and essential oils: Doing mindfulness meditation with essential oils may boost the calming effects of both activities. Sniff your picked essential oil while focusing on your breath and building a mindset of nonjudgmental awareness. 

Safety, Precautions, and Potential Side Effects

While essential oils can provide many benefits in easing anxiety, it’s important to be aware of the linked risks and precautions. This ensures safe use: 

Risks and Considerations

• Always dilute essential oils before putting them on the skin to prevent irritation or special reactions. 
• Do not consume essential oils, as this is not a suggested method of use and could be risky. 
• Some essential oils can cause photosensitivity. Hence, avoid the sun after applying them to your skin. 
• Consult with a healthcare provider before using essential oils if you are pregnant, nursing, or suffering from migraine, psychotic illness, or any other disease.

Allergic Reactions and Precautions

Before beginning with a new essential oil, it is important to do a patch test. This makes sure you don’t get an allergic reaction³³. How to do it? Apply a small amount of diluted essential oil to a quiet area of skin (like the inner elbow). Then wait 24 hours to see any reactions. If redness, itch or swelling occur, stop using the essential oil. Also, reach out to a healthcare provider. 

Proper Storage and Handling of Essential Oils

Store essential oils in a cool, dark place away from sunlight and heat. Keep the bottles tightly closed to prevent loss due to evaporation and decay. Be aware of expiration dates, as essential oils can lose effectiveness with time. 

When to See a Doctor

If you see signs of a bad reaction to an essential oil, such as rash, itching, breathing trouble, or face or mouth swelling, get medical help at once. Also, if you keep struggling with anxiety and it affects your daily life, reach out to a healthcare provider. A professional can provide guidance and additional treatment options. 

Also Read: Overthinking – To What Extent Can It Damage Your Life?

Conclusion

Essential oils potentially offer a natural, holistic way to manage anxiety, keep calm, and improve sleep quality. By understanding the properties of various essential oils and how they work with our nervous system, we can tap into their healing potential and incorporate them into our daily routines for their calming effects. Remember to reach out to a qualified aromatherapist or healthcare provider if you are unsure about using essential oils. Anxiety and sleep disorders need to be diagnosed and treated by a psychiatrist. Do not consider essential oil use as a replacement for treatment prescribed by your doctor. Do not use essential oils without consulting an expert if you are pregnant, nursing, or have a health condition. Also, it’s best to consult your doctor for additional measures that can help you deal better with your anxiety issues. 

Also Read: Natural Home Remedies for Anxiety

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Valerian Root in Treating Sleep Problems and Associated Disorders A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7585905 
2. PubMed. Anxiolytic actions of Nardostachys jatamansi via GABA benzodiazepine channel complex mechanism and its biodistribution studies [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29934858 
3. ScienceDirect. Review [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944711319303411?via%3Dihub 
4. PubMed. Effects of Jasminum multiflorum leaf extract on rodent models of epilepsy, motor coordination and anxiety [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28262620 
5. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Evaluation of anxiolytic and sedative effect of essential oil and hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum basilicum L. and chemical composition of its essential oil [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4698864 
6. PubMed. The protective role of Ocimum basilicum L. (Basil) against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in mice: Impact on oxidative stress, inflammation, motor deficits and anxiety-like behavior [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30073231 
7. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Long-term Chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla L.) treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized clinical trial [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5646235 
8. ScienceDirect. Original article [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876382011001363 
9. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Comparing the Effects of Aromatherapy With Rose Oils and Warm Foot Bath on Anxiety in the First Stage of Labor in Nulliparous Women [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4270653 
10. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Tulsi in Humans: A Systematic Review of the Literature [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5376420
11. Tan L, Liao FF, Long LZ, Ma XC, Peng YX, Lu JM, Qu H, Fu CG. Essential oils for treating anxiety: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and network meta-analysis. Front Public Health. 2023 Jun 1;11:1144404. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1144404. PMID: 37325306; PMCID: PMC10267315. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10267315/
12. PubMed. The Effects of Frankincense Essential Oil on Stress in Rats [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31582666 
13. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The Effectiveness of Aromatherapy in the Management of Labor Pain and Anxiety: A Systematic Review [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7445940 
14. ScienceDirect. Review article [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2221169115001033#bib41 
15. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Effect of Inhalation of Aroma of Geranium Essence on Anxiety and Physiological Parameters during First Stage of Labor in Nulliparous Women: a Randomized Clinical Trial [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4484988 
16. PubMed. Effects of geranium aroma on anxiety among patients with acute myocardial infarction: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29122262 
17. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Pilot trial of Melissa officinalis L. leaf extract in the treatment of volunteers suffering from mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3230760 
18. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Anti-Stress Effects of Lemon Balm-Containing Foods [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4245564 
19. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Sweet Marjoram [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5871212 
20. Fatima S, Farzeen I, Ashraf A, Aslam B, Ijaz MU, Hayat S, Sarfraz MH, Zafar S, Zafar N, Unuofin JO, Lebelo SL, Muzammil S. A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacological Activities of Pachypodol: A Bioactive Compound of an Aromatic Medicinal Plant Pogostemon Cablin Benth. Molecules. 2023 Apr 14;28(8):3469. doi: 10.3390/molecules28083469. PMID: 37110702; PMCID: PMC10141922. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10141922/
21. Ammar AH, Bouajila J, Lebrihi A, Mathieu F, Romdhane M, Zagrouba F. Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Citrus aurantium l. flowers essential oil (Neroli oil). Pak J Biol Sci. 2012 Nov 1;15(21):1034-40. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2012.1034.1040. PMID: 24163946. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24163946/
22. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Therapeutic efficacy of rose oil: A comprehensive review of clinical evidence [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5511972 
23. Deng W, Liu K, Cao S, Sun J, Zhong B, Chun J. Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antiproliferative Properties of Grapefruit Essential Oil Prepared by Molecular Distillation. Molecules. 2020 Jan 5;25(1):217. doi: 10.3390/molecules25010217. PMID: 31948058; PMCID: PMC6982870. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31948058/
24. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Randomized Controlled Trial for Salvia sclarea or Lavandula angustifolia : Differential Effects on Blood Pressure in Female Patients with Urinary Incontinence Undergoing Urodynamic Examination [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3700459 
25. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Essential oil of lavender in anxiety disorders: Ready for prime time? [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6007527 
26. Mehrabian S, Tirgari B, Forouzi MA, Tajadini H, Jahani Y. Effect of Aromatherapy Massage on Depression and Anxiety of Elderly Adults: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. 2022 Mar 2;15(1):37-45. doi: 10.3822/ijtmb.v15i1.645. PMID: 35280245; PMCID: PMC8887855. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8887855/
27. PubMed. Modulation of cognitive performance and mood by aromas of peppermint and ylang-ylang [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18041606 
28. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing on Attention, Negative Affect and Stress in Healthy Adults [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5455070 
29. PubMed. Skin penetration of terpenes from essential oils and topical vehicles [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16557471 
30. Tan LT, Lee LH, Yin WF, Chan CK, Abdul Kadir H, Chan KG, Goh BH. Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Bioactivities of Cananga odorata (Ylang-Ylang). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:896314. doi: 10.1155/2015/896314. Epub 2015 Jul 30. PMID: 26294929; PMCID: PMC4534619. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4534619/
31. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Chamomile ( Matricaria recutita ) May Have Antidepressant Activity in Anxious Depressed Humans – An Exploratory Study [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3600408 
32. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Efficacy of bergamot: From anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative mechanisms to clinical applications as preventive agent for cardiovascular morbidity, skin diseases, and mood alterations [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6392855 
33. Sindle A, Martin K. Art of Prevention: Essential Oils – Natural Products Not Necessarily Safe. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2020 Nov 12;7(3):304-308. doi: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.10.013. PMID: 34222588; PMCID: PMC8243157. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8243157/
34. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Changes in salivary oxytocin after inhalation of clary sage essential oil scent in term-pregnant women: a feasibility pilot study [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5721455 
35. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Effect Of Peppermint Essence On The Pain And Anxiety Caused By Intravenous Catheterization In Cardiac Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6814313 
36. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Olfactory Influences on Mood and Autonomic, Endocrine, and Immune Function [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2278291 
37. PubMed. Effect of Lemongrass Aroma on Experimental Anxiety in Humans [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 14]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26366471 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

1

Introduction

Ever stared in the mirror and wished for a slimmer face or less chin fat? Losing facial fat may feel like a big deal. But by tweaking your daily routine, you can make it happen. This blog will guide you on how to lose face fat, one step at a time.

In this post, we’ll look into why you have facial fat. We’ll talk about improving your eating habits and doing face-oriented workouts. We’ll also offer tips on lifestyle alterations, extra methods, and seeking expert advice.

Causes of Facial Fat

So what causes face fat? different factors like genes, aging, and weight gain can cause face fat. Let’s dive into these⁹:

• Genetics: Genes play a role in where your body stores fat. Some people have genes that make the face a prime fat spot. This trait makes face fat loss tougher, but the right plan can overcome this hurdle⁹.
• Aging: As you grow older, your skin becomes less firm and your facial muscles weaken. This change starts to sag your skin and alters your face shape. In time, your face may start to look rounder. But, healthy lifestyle habits can slow down this process⁹.
• Weight Gain: Changes in your weight can reshape your face. Gain a lot of weight, and your face could become fuller, rounder, and swollen.
• Medical conditions: Certain hormonal disturbances, like Cushing’s syndrome (increased cortisol levels in the body), can cause face fat. This can occur due to overactive adrenal or pituitary glands, a tumor affecting these glands, or long-term use of steroids¹. 

It’s important to take a medical opinion if you notice other signs and symptoms such as fat on the belly and back, skin changes, anxiety and depression, increased hunger and thirst, muscle and bone weakness, or a rapid heartbeat, along with face fat, to rule out any underlying medical condition.  

Foods to Incorporate

Your diet choices can lead to a slimmer face. Go for foods high in fiber, lean protein, good fats, and vitamins.

1. High-Fiber Foods

Foods rich in fiber are good for digestion and weight loss. Whole grains¹¹, legumes, fruits, and veggies are great options.

2. Lean Proteins

Lean proteins can keep you feeling full and stop you from eating too much. Try eating more chicken breast, turkey, tofu, and eggs.

3. Healthy Fats

Good fats, found in avocados, seeds, nuts, and olive oil, are health boosters. They can also help control hunger.

4. Fruits and Vegetables

Fruits and veggies are full of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. They’re great for your skin and overall health.

Foods to Avoid

Reducing certain foods can contribute to face fat loss. Try to eat fewer refined carbs, sodium-heavy foods, alcohol, and sugary items:

1. Refined Carbs

Refined carbs, present in foods like white bread and pasta, can make you gain weight. Go for healthier choices like whole grains and legumes instead.

2. Sodium-Rich Foods

Foods stacked with sodium can lead to water retention and puff up your face. Limit how much salty snacks, soy sauce, and cured meats you eat.

3. Alcohol

Drinking alcohol can cause weight gain, dehydration, and water retention. As a result, your facial fat might seem more visible. Keep in check how much alcohol you drink and consider options like water or unsweetened drinks³.

4. Sugary Foods

Sugary food and drinks can add extra calories leading to weight gain, which increases facial fat. Consider natural sweeteners and whole fruits as substitutes.

Exercises to Lose Face Fat

Pair face-focused workouts with a full-body regimen to reduce face fat²:

1. Facial Exercises

Doing facial exercises can help tighten and firm facial muscles, creating a slimmer look. Try cheek puff exercises, fish faces, jaw releases, chin lifts, and blowing air exercises to target face muscles^6,7.

Studies have shown that one may loose face fat by practising facial muscle exercises, which can help give structure and tone to the face¹⁴.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, MD (Ayu)

2. Cardiovascular Exercises

Cardio workouts can burn off calories and cause total body weight loss. This loss will affect your face. Choose workouts you love, like running, swimming, cycling, or dancing.

3. Strength Training

Strength training workouts can tone muscles and boost metabolism and weight loss. Add resistance workouts targeting major muscle areas, like squats, lunges, push-ups, and rows, to your regimen.

Studies have shown that facial exercises might help reduce facial fat, as these exercises are more focused on strengthening areas like the cheeks, jawline, neck, eyelids, and eyebrows¹⁵.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Lifestyle Changes to Reduce Face Fat

Aside from diet and workout changes, everyday behavior adjustments can lower face fat and improve your looks:

1. Increasing Water Intake

Drinking enough water can aid weight loss by keeping you feeling full and avoiding overeating. Plus, it helps flush out toxins and boost skin health.

2. Prioritizing Sleep

Quality sleep is key for weight balance and hormone control¹². Get at least 7-9 hours of good sleep each night for better health and fat loss.

3. Reducing Stress

Controlling stress can stop emotional eating and weight gain. Try mindfulness, meditation, or yoga to lower stress and live a more balanced life¹³.

4. Cutting Back on Alcohol

We’ve already established how too much alcohol can lead to weight gain and a rounder face³. Lowering your alcohol use can help you get a slimmer face and overall better health.

Complementary Techniques

On top of the methods above, there are extra methods that can help shed face fat and create a slender look:

1. Facial Massage

Face massage can boost blood flow, reduce water retention, and relieve muscle tension. Regular massages can improve your face shape and give a more chiseled look¹⁰.

2. Jade Rollers and Gua Sha

Jade rollers or Gua Sha tools work like face massages, but also add a skincare ritual. These tools can cut down puffiness, boost blood flow, and aid in lymphatic drainage in the face⁸.

3. Facial Yoga

Face yoga is another way to focus on certain facial muscles and create a slimmer face. Regular face yoga workouts can firm muscles and make skin firmer and younger-looking^6,7.

Is It Possible to Lose Fat Only from the Face?

Targeting fat loss exclusively from the face is a common concern, but unfortunately, it is not typically feasible. Fat loss generally occurs throughout the body rather than in isolated areas. To address how to lose face fat, focusing on overall body fat reduction through a balanced diet and regular physical activity is essential. Incorporating exercises that enhance general cardiovascular health and engaging in strength training can help in overall fat loss, which eventually impacts the face as well.

Additionally, staying hydrated and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can contribute to a slimmer appearance. For personalized advice and to ensure that your weight loss plan is effective and safe, consulting with a healthcare professional or nutritionist is highly recommended. They can provide tailored strategies that align with your specific health needs and goals, helping you to achieve a more sculpted look while promoting overall well-being.

Tips for Slimming the Appearance of Face Fat

Besides workouts and life changes, there are other ways to help make your face look slimmer:

1. Hairstyles for Face Fat

Some haircuts can flatter your face and distract from face fat. Try styles with side bangs, different layers, and gentle waves to create a lengthier look.

2. Makeup Techniques

Makeup can do wonders in making a face appear slimmer. Use contouring to define your cheekbones, jawline, and the sides of your nose. Brighten the center of your face and apply blush to the apples of your cheeks for a more chiseled look.

3. Accessorizing Strategically

The correct accessories can take attention away from facial fat and create a more balanced look. Choose long earrings, light necklaces, and stylish glasses that fit the shape of your face.

When to Seek Professional Help?

There could be cases where you may think of getting expert help to tackle strong-willed face fat that doesn’t respond to lifestyle tweaks:

• Non-Surgical Treatments: Non-surgical treatments like injectable and laser procedures can cut down facial fat and improve skin tightness. See a skilled expert to discuss the best options for you.
• Surgical Options: If non-surgical solutions fail to work, you could consider surgical options like liposuction and face lifts. It’s important to talk with a trained plastic surgeon to find the best solution for your unique needs.

Conclusion

Losing face fat may seem tough, but by doing targeted face workouts, making smart diet choices, and keeping a regular workout regimen, you can shape a thinner face. Also, think about making lifestyle adjustments like drinking more water, prioritizing sleep, reducing stress, and cutting down on alcohol to help with total weight loss. Extras like face massage and face yoga, along with strategic makeup, hairstyles, and accessories can further enhance the look of a slimmer face. Please remember one thing. To lose weight and lower facial fat, you need patience and consistency.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. National Health Service (NHS). Cushing’s syndrome [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 18]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cushings-syndrome
2. PubMed. Structured, aerobic exercise reduces fat mass and is partially compensated through energy intake but not energy expenditure in women [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 18]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30414399
3. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Alcohol Consumption and Obesity: An Update [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 18]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338356
4. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Increased Hydration Can Be Associated with Weight Loss [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 18]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4901052
5. PubMed. Consumption of ultra-processed foods associated with weight gain and obesity in adults: A multi-national cohort study [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 18]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34455267
6. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Association of Facial Exercise With the Appearance of Aging [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 18]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5885810
7. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The effectiveness of facial exercises for facial rejuvenation: a systematic review [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 18]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24327764
8. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Effect of a Facial Muscle Exercise Device on Facial Rejuvenation [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 18]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29365050
9. Szczerkowska-Dobosz A, Olszanecki R, Krajewska-Wrzesniewska K, et al. Acquired facial lipoatrophy: pathogenesis and therapeutic options. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology = Postȩpy Dermatologii i Alergologii. 2015;32(3):154-159. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4436232/
10. PubMed. Increased Hydration Can Be Associated with Weight Loss [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 18]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27376070
11. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The Relationship between Whole Grain Intake and Body Weight: Results of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 18]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627338
12. PubMed. Effects of sleep deprivation on serum cortisol level and mental health in servicemen [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 18]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25913092
13. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Stress, cortisol, and other appetite-related hormones: Prospective prediction of 6-month changes in food cravings and weight [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 18]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5373497
14. Harvard Health Publishing. Does your face need a workout? Harvard Health. 2019 Jan 1. Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/does-your-face-need-a-workout
15. Cleveland Clinic. Can exercising your face help you look younger? Cleveland Clinic. 2022 Sep 21. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/can-doing-facial-exercises-help-you-look-younger-face-yoga

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

5

Introduction

Chayote, scientifically known as Sechium edule, is a climbing plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. Initially grown in Mexico and Guatemala, it was later introduced to the United States, Europe, Africa, China, and South-Asian countries. Nowadays, it is grown throughout the world in tropical and subtropical areas¹. 

There are two major varieties of chayote plants, namely, the commercial variety and the wild type.¹ Commonly chayote is known by different names such as vegetable pear, cho cho, chow-chow, sayote, pear squash, christophene, chuchu, guisquil, and iskus². 

The plant’s edible parts are its fruits, stems, leaves, and roots. Chayote fruits are bright green and pear-shaped. There are many medicinal benefits of chayote owing to the bioactive compounds such as sterols, cucurbitacins and polyphenol compounds present in it¹.  

Chayote Nutritional Value

Chayote has high nutrient value and is loaded with essential vitamins, minerals, fibers, and antioxidants. According to the US Department of Agriculture, the nutritional value of 100g of Chayote is as follows⁴:   

• Water: 94.2 g 
• Energy: 19 kcal 
• Protein: 0.82 g 
• Total lipid (fat): 0.13 g 
• Carbohydrate: 4.51 g 
• Fibre, total dietary: 1.7 g 
• Sugars, total including NLEA: 1.66 g 
• Calcium: 17 mg 
• Iron: 0.34 mg 
• Magnesium: 12 mg 
• Phosphorus: 18 mg 
• Potassium: 125 mg 
• Sodium: 2 mg 
• Zinc: 0.74 mg 
• Copper: 0.123 mg 
• Manganese: 0.189 mg 
• Selenium: 0.2 µg 
• Vitamin C: 7.7 mg 
• Thiamin: 0.025 mg 
• Riboflavin: 0.029 mg 
• Niacin: 0.47 mg 
• Pantothenic acid: 0.249 mg 
• Vitamin B-6: 0.076 mg 
• Folate: 93 µg 
• Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol): 0.12 mg 
• Vitamin K (phylloquinone): 4.1 µg 

Potential Uses of Chayote for Overall Health

Existing studies suggest that chayote may offer the following potential benefits as a part of overall health:   

1. Potential Uses of Chayote for the Heart Health

Diets high in saturated fats can lead to fat build-up in the arteries, making it harder for the heart to pump blood efficiently. Chayote is low in fat and contains fibre and antioxidants, which may support heart health by helping to manage cholesterol levels as part of a balanced diet.  

A study⁸ found that extracts of Chayote help in the treatment of heart diseases by influencing the function of the smooth muscles of the arteries. Additionally, chayote is rich in fibres, and studies have shown that dietary fibres may prevent heart diseases⁹. However, if you have a heart condition, don’t replace your medications with chayote. It is best to consult a doctor and seek treatment accordingly.  

2. Potential Uses of Chayote for Diabetes

Diabetes is a medical condition in which blood has high levels of sugar. A review study found that the natural antioxidants in the vegetables like chayote may maintain glucose balance in the body and reduce sugar spikes after meals¹⁰. Additionally, the rich fibrous content of the chayote may help in managing blood sugar levels by slowing down the absorption of carbohydrates, resulting in reduced blood sugar levels after eating.  The chayote extracts may reduce blood sugar levels³. Consult a doctor to know if consuming chayote is right for you in supporting diabetes management.   

3. Potential Uses of Chayote in Pregnancy 

Women require specific nutrients like folate, iron, calcium, and essential vitamins to support a healthy pregnancy². Chayote is a good source of folate, a vital nutrient during pregnancy that supports the healthy development of the baby’s brain and spinal cord. Research has shown that adequate folate intake may help reduce the risk of premature delivery and neural tube defects. Including chayote as part of a balanced diet may contribute to a healthy pregnancy. It can also help in lowering blood pressure in pregnant women; however, it is important to consult a healthcare professional rather than relying on self-medication^11,12.  

4. Potential Uses of Chayote in Cancer 

Cancer is a medical condition where the body’s cells abnormally multiply, affecting its normal functioning. A study⁵ found that chayote may inhibit the multiplication of cancerous cells and promote cell death. Studies¹³ have also found that chayote fruits may help in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Additionally, the chayote leaf extracts may inhibit the multiplication of breast cancer cells¹⁴. However, if you suspect cancer, instead of self-medicating, you should consult a doctor to understand chayote leaves’ health benefits and seek treatment accordingly.   

5. Potential Uses of Chayote for Anti-ageing  

Antioxidants may protect the body against cellular damage and reduce inflammation. A study has shown that free radicals may damage the body cells, reduce the body’s functioning over time, and accelerate ageing. Studies¹⁵ show that antioxidants from chayote can protect the cells from harmful effects of UV rays, reduce cell damage, and slow down the signs of ageing¹⁶. Chayote is rich in antioxidants and vitamin C and may benefit the skin by promoting collagen production that may reduce the visible signs of ageing such as wrinkles, fine lines, and pigmentations¹. However, you should always consult a doctor instead of self-medicating to get chayote leaves benefits.   

6. Potential Uses of Chayote in Fatty Liver 

Fatty liver disease occurs when excessive fat accumulates in the liver, affecting its normal function. Some studies have indicated that extracts from chayote may help protect liver tissue by reducing fat deposition. While these findings are promising, further research is needed, and dietary changes should always be discussed with a healthcare professional⁷. More research is required to understand how chayote squash benefits liver functioning. If you have a fatty liver, you should consult a doctor instead of self-medicating. 

7. Other Potential Uses of Chayote

Other potential uses of chayote squash vegetable are as follows:   

• Chayote may be beneficial for weight loss³. The high fibre content may reduce hunger and make you feel satisfied for longer. It results in reduced caloric intake while promoting a healthy weight.  
• Chayote fruit extracts may relieve stomach ulcers by reducing acidity¹.     
• Chayote may reduce blood pressure¹⁷.  
• High amounts of fibre and flavonoids in the chayote may support digestion and help in maintaining a healthy gut³.  
• Chayote may lower elevated cholesterol levels and reduces the risk of developing heart disease⁷.  
• Chayote benefits for the skin are notable due to its high-water content and vitamin C. Its antioxidants may help promote skin health by combating free radicals and supporting a more youthful complexion¹⁶. 

In traditional medicine, decoctions made from the leaves or fruit of chayote have been used for their potential diuretic properties. They have been traditionally applied to help relieve burning sensations during urination, support kidney health, and manage certain respiratory discomforts. However, these uses are based on traditional practices, and scientific evidence is limited. Anyone considering such remedies should consult a qualified healthcare professional⁸. 

Chayote fruit is rich in vitamin A and E, both of which are essential for normal bodily functions. Vitamin A may support good vision, reproductive health, and the health of your blood, while vitamin E might be crucial for maintaining a healthy brain and glowing skin¹⁹.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

How to Use Chayote?

Chayote can be used in the following ways:  

• Fruits, roots, and shoots are squashed, steamed, roasted, and fried as vegetables and used in both savoury and sweet dishes.  
• Chayote seeds and peels can be eaten raw by adding them to smoothies and salads.  
• Tuberous roots can be used as substitutes for potato and wheat in different products, sweets, and pickles.   
• Chayote leaves are used to produce cosmetics, skincare, and medicinal products.   

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.     

Side Effects of Chayote

No significant side effects have been scientifically documented in relation to the moderate consumption of chayote as part of a normal diet. It is well-tolerated by most people and is not known to cause adverse effects when properly prepared and consumed in typical amounts. 

Precautions to Take with Chayote

General precautions must be followed while consuming chayote. Here is a list of a few precautions.    

• Peel the chayote carefully. The sap released from it can cause skin irritation in some people.  
• If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, take extra caution along with the doctor’s advice regarding the amount of chayote you eat.   
• Elderly patients and children must consult a healthcare practitioner before taking chayote.  
• If you have any medical condition, consult a doctor before taking chayote.  

Also Read: Ber Fruit (Jujube): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

There is not enough evidence on the interaction of the chayote extracts with other drugs. Further studies are required. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you are on any other medication before consuming chayote.    

There is a traditional belief that chayote leaves may help in the natural elimination of kidney stones. They have been used in some cultures with the view that their properties might support the breakdown of kidney stones. However, scientific research on this specific use is currently limited¹⁹. It is important to consult a medical professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones rather than relying solely on traditional remedies.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Chayote Recipes

Chayote recipes can be enjoyed in both savoury and sweet dishes. Here are a few chayote recipe ideas to inspire your culinary creativity: 

1. Chayote Salad

Make a refreshing salad by thinly slicing chayote and mixing it with your favourite vegetables, such as tomatoes, onions, and bell peppers. Toss the salad with a zesty vinaigrette dressing for a crisp and healthy side dish. 

2. Stuffed Chayote

Stuffed chayote is a flavourful and satisfying dish in which chayote halves are filled with a seasoned mixture, commonly containing ground meat, vegetables, and herbs. The filled chayotes are then baked or cooked until tender, allowing the mild flavour of the vegetable to blend beautifully with the savoury stuffing. This dish serves as a hearty, protein-rich main course and a wholesome addition to any meal. 

3. Chayote Fries

Cut chayote into strips, season with your preferred spices, and bake or air-fry for a nutritious alternative to traditional potato fries. Sliced chayote is seasoned and baked until it becomes crisp and golden brown, offering a delightful snack or side dish with a unique flavour and texture. These chayote fries are a healthier choice for those looking to enjoy a satisfying, low-calorie treat. 

4. Chayote Squash 

Chayote squash, also known as vegetable pear or mirliton, is a green, wrinkled fruit commonly used in culinary dishes. It has a mild, crisp texture and is versatile in both savoury and sweet chayote squash recipes. Chayote is known for its high fibre content and can be cooked or eaten raw, making it a nutritious addition to a balanced diet. Its subtle flavor allows it to absorb the tastes of the dishes it’s incorporated into, making it a popular choice in various cuisines around the world. 

5. Chayote Desserts

Chayote desserts offer a unique and healthy twist to sweet treats. From chayote pies to puddings, these creations incorporate the mild, crisp texture of chayote into delightful, low-calorie desserts. With their versatility, chayote desserts are gaining popularity among those looking for a nutritious alternative to traditional sweets. 

Experiment with these chayote recipes to make the most of chayote’s unique flavour and versatility. Whether you’re looking for a healthy side dish, a filling main course, or a sweet treat, chayote can be a delightful addition to your culinary repertoire. 

Also Read: Pudina (Mint): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Conclusion 

Chayote is a nutrient-rich vegetable with potential health benefits, including heart support, blood sugar regulation, and antioxidant protection. It can be a healthy addition to your diet when consumed in moderation. However, consult a doctor before using it for medicinal purposes. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Pu Y-T, Luo Q, Wen L-H, Li Y-R, Meng P-H, Wang X-J, et al. Origin, evolution, breeding, and omics of chayote, an important Cucurbitaceae vegetable crop [Internet]. Front Plant Sci [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Jun 4];12:739091. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.739091/full 
2. Vieira EF, Pinho O, Ferreira IMPLVO, Delerue-Matos C. Chayote (Sechium edule): A review of nutritional composition, bioactivities and potential applications. Food Chem. 2019 Mar 1;275:557-568. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.146. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814618317230?via%3Dihub    
3. Gavia-García G, Hernández-Álvarez D, Arista-Ugalde TL, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, Santiago-Osorio E, Mendoza-Núñez VM, Rosado-Pérez J. The Supplementation of Sechium edule var. nigrum spinosum (Chayote) Promotes Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Protection in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients. 2023 Sep 22;15(19):4106. doi: 10.3390/nu15194106. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10574595/ 
4. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central. Chayote, fruit, raw [Internet]. Beltsville (MD): USDA; 2019 Apr 1 [cited 2025 Jun 4]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/170402/nutrients  
5. Salazar-Aguilar S, Ruiz-Posadas LDM, Cadena-Iñiguez J, Soto-Hernández M, Santiago-Osorio E, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, et al. Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz, a new cultivar with antiproliferative potential in a human cervical cancer HeLa cell line [Internet]. Nutrients. U.S. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2022 Dec 16]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28757593/ 
6. Ordoñez AAL, Gomez JD, Cudmani NM, Vattuone MA, Isla MI. Antimicrobial activity of nine extracts of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2003;15:33–39. Available from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/323211428.pdf  
7. Yang MY, Chan KC, Lee YJ, Chang XZ, Wu CH, Wang CJ. Sechium edule Shoot Extracts and Active Components Improve Obesity and a Fatty Liver That Involved Reducing Hepatic Lipogenesis and Adipogenesis in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 May 13;63(18):4587-96. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00346. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25912298/  
8. Ibarra-Alvarado C, Rojas A, Mendoza S, Bah M, Gutiérrez DM, Hernández-Sandoval L, et al. Vasoactive and antioxidant activities of plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases [Internet]. Pharm Biol [Internet]. [cited 2022 Dec 16];48(5):468–75. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20645769/  
9. McRae MP. Dietary fiber is beneficial for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses [Internet]. J Chiropr Med. 2017 Dec;16(4):289–99 [cited 2025 June 04]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29276461/ 
10. Tiwari AK. Revisiting “Vegetables” to combat modern epidemic of imbalanced glucose homeostasis. Pharmacogn Mag. 2014;10(Suppl 2):S207–S213. Available from: https://phcog.com/article/view/2014/10/38s/s207-s213     
11. Greenberg JA, Bell SJ, Guan Y, Yu YH. Folic Acid supplementation and pregnancy: more than just neural tube defect prevention. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Summer;4(2):52-9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22102928/ 
12. Fauziah NA, Hidajati K, Soejoenoes A. The effect of chayote extract (Sechium edule) on blood pressure in pregnant women with hypertension. Indones J Med. 2019;4(3):266–77. doi:10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.03.10. Available from: https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20203262858  
13. Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, Soto-Hernández M, Cadena-Iñiguez J, Ruíz-Posadas Ldel M, Cadena-Zamudio JD, González-Ugarte AK, Steider BW, Santiago-Osorio E. Fruit extract from a Sechium edule hybrid induce apoptosis in leukaemic cell lines but not in normal cells. Nutr Cancer. 2015;67(2):250-7. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2015.989370. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25611564/ 
14. Elavarasan, N., Kokila, K., Inbasekar, G., and Sujatha, V. (2016). Evaluation of photocatalytic activity, antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles by Sechium edule leaf extract. Res. Chem. Intermediat. 43, 1–16. doi: 10.1007/s11164-016-2830-2. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11164-016-2830-2 
15. Sergiev PV, Dontsova OA, Berezkin GV. Theories of aging: an ever-evolving field.   Acta Naturae. 2015 Jan-Mar;7(1):9-18. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4410392/  
16. Metral E, Rachidi W, Damour O, Demarne F, Bechetoille N. Long-term Genoprotection Effect of Sechium edule Fruit Extract Against UVA Irradiation in Keratinocytes. Photochem Photobiol. 2018 Mar;94(2):343-350. doi: 10.1111/php.12854. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29110298/  
17. Fauziah, N. A., Hidajati, K., and Soejoenoes, A. (2019). The effect of chayote extract (Sechium edule) on blood pressure in pregnant women with hypertension. Indonesian J. Med. 4, 266–277. doi: 10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.03.10. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2014/594326  
18. Del Ángel Coronel OA, León-García E, Vela-Gutiérrez G, De la Cruz Medina J, García-Varela R, García HS. Chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz). In: Yahia EM, editor. Fruit and Vegetable Phytochemicals: Chemistry and Human Health. 2nd ed. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley-Blackwell; 2017. p. 1025–38. doi:10.1002/9781119158042.ch47. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320428959_Chayote_Sechium_edule_Jacq_Swartz_Chemistry_and_Human_Health_2nd_Edition  
19. Pu YT, Luo Q, Wen LH, Li YR, Meng PH, Wang XJ, Tan GF. Origin, evolution, breeding, and omics of chayote, an important Cucurbitaceae vegetable crop. Front Plant Sci. 2021 Sep 24;12:739091. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.739091. PMID: 34630492; PMCID: PMC8497889. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8497889/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

50

1

Introduction

You must have enjoyed the site of beautiful yellow senna blossom landscaping highways and home gardens. Senna is a member of a large genus of tropical flowering plants. It has frequently been used in herbal medicine. Senna is the leaf or fruit (pod) of the plant Senna Alexandrina. Senna is also called Fletcher’s Castoria, Ex-lax and SenokotIt as trade names. It has been employed as a laxative and stimulant in folk medicine. Many herbal teas used for weight loss and bowel movements contain senna^1,2. Let us discuss the health benefits of senna.  

Nutritional Value of Senna

The nutritional value of the leaves of Senna suggests that they can be consumed for their nutritional benefits. The nutritional contents of senna are given below: 

• Calcium: 68.95 mg/L
• Copper: 0.23 mg/L
• Magnesium: 1.10 mg/L
• Zinc: 0.59 mg/L
• Sodium: 18.51 mg/L
• Potassium: 202.05 mg/L
• Crude protein: 13.1%
• Crude fibre: 11.3%
• Fat: 3.8%
• Carbohydrate: 45.5%

Further, there are phytochemicals also present in senna. They are saponins, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and sterols³.  

Properties of Senna

Several properties of senna studied by multiple research teams make it potentially beneficial. Some of the beneficial properties of senna are: 

• It might have laxative properties 
• It can act as an anti-allergic agent  
• It may have anti-inflammatory benefits 
• It might act as an antioxidant 
• It might work as an anti-bacterial 
• It can show antifungal activity 
• It might act as a painkiller 
• It might act as an antitumour agent  
• It might have liver protective activities⁴ 

Potential Uses of Senna for Overall Health

Senna is potentially beneficial in several conditions. Some of the potential uses and senna benefits are as follows: 

1. Potential Uses of Senna for Infections

Researchers in recent studies are attempting to explore plant products to prepare drugs against microbial diseases. Senna is well known for its anti-fungal activity, and it may act against fungal infection. It also possesses activity against E. coli bacterial DNA. Studies by Kumar et al. 2013, have shown that the phenolic compounds present in senna may act against microbial diseases. These compounds were extracted from the plant and may act against Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, Gram-positive bacteria-Staphylococcus aureus. Further, they may act against fungi-Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifera and Fusarium oxisporum⁴. However, many detailed studies are needed to prove the benefits of senna for such infections in humans. If you have any infection-related problems, consult your doctor and do not self-medicate. 

2. Potential Uses of Senna for Diabetes Mellitus

It is established that oxidative stress can negatively affect the normal functioning of several body organs. Studies have also shown that oxidative stress may also be responsible for diseases like diabetes mellitus, which can increase the blood glucose level. The antioxidant properties of senna may be responsible for its anti-diabetic usage⁴. However, the data available is insufficient to establish the mentioned benefits of senna on blood sugar levels in humans. Further, more studies are needed to validate these benefits. 

3. Potential Uses of Senna Against Obesity

The antioxidant activity of the senna may help to control obesity. The senna may help properly function the digesting enzyme in obese patients. It might exhibit anti-obesity benefits⁴. However, we need to conduct further studies to manifest the effects of senna on obesity conditions in humans. 

4. Potential Uses of Senna for Its Anticancer Activities

The bioactive compounds in senna leaves are responsible for their potential health benefits. Studies by Onyegeme-Okerenta et al. 2017 show that the bioactive compounds present in senna might be responsible for their potential activity against cancer cells. It might lower lipid peroxidase levels and thus kill cancer cells. Further, it also restricts cancer cell spread. These studies are insufficient to give humans the same benefits as the herb. Thus, further studies are required to prove this claim⁵.  

5. Other Potential Uses of Senna

• Senna might be helpful in healing different skin diseases and external body infections.  
• Senna leaf powder might help to treat rheumatoid arthritis, abdominal worms, and gout, and you may use senna for constipation after consulting your doctor. 
• Senna leaves, or dried pods, are beneficial for digestion. 
• Senna can potentially cleanse and purify the blood.  
• Senna might be helpful for haemorrhoids⁴. 

Though studies show Senna’s benefits in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Senna on human health.  

Unregulated Senna consumption for a long duration may be linked to liver damage accompanied with a reliance on laxatives. If you have one or more of the following conditions, I suggest you should consider your doctor’s opinion before taking Senna: colon issues, heart disease, or liver illness. With drugs like blood thinners and diuretics, senna may cause interactions. Senna should not be used by those having Crohn’s disease, intestinal blockages, or stomach discomfort. Additionally, it might react negatively with cardiac medicines.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

How to Use Senna?

Adults can consume senna. While children and the elderly may take senna only when advised by an Ayurvedic doctor².  

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any Senna supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/Senna preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.  

Fun fact: Traditionally, the seeds of Parijat (pods) are used as a sore throat remedy. I recently read an article that suggests regular use of Parijat extracts may keep all the diseases at bay.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Side Effects of Senna

Senna is safe for adults if taken in the recommended doses for a limited period. FDA approved Senna as a non-prescription medicine. However, it might cause side effects if taken at a higher dosage. Most side effects are related to senna’s laxative effect. Some common side-effects of senna are as follows: 

• It might cause stomach electrolyte imbalance, discomfort, cramps, and diarrhoea.  
• If taken in higher doses, Senna can cause normal bowel movements and laxative dependency.  
• In children, ingesting senna in higher doses may cause nausea, vomiting, tremor, abnormal and violent behaviour, grimacing, self-mutilation, numbness and coma, elevated serum proteins, and bilirubin in the blood. 
• Taking senna for a long period at a higher dose can cause adverse events like liver injury^1,2. 

Also Read: Raisins (Kishmish): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Precautions to Take with Senna

Senna must be taken in the recommended dosage for a limited period. Further, the following precautions must be taken while consuming senna for its medicinal benefits: 

1. Pregnancy

Since senna is linked to serious side effects, including laxative dependence and liver damage. It is advisable not to take any herbs without consulting a qualified doctor during pregnancy. 

2. Breastfeeding

Senna is known to have side effects it would be better to consult a doctor before taking any herbal supplement if you are breastfeeding your baby. 

3. Children

Senna is considered safe for children over the age of 2 years. However, it may have some side effects in children. Thus it is recommended to be given to children with precaution only under the guidance of a qualified Ayurvedic doctor.  

4. Gastrointestinal (GI) Conditions

People suffering from intestinal blockage, stomach pain, diarrhoea, appendicitis, stomach inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, and haemorrhoids must avoid consuming senna². 

Also Read: Sandalwood: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

Senna might show some moderate interactions with medicines. Some interactions of senna are as follows: 

1. Warfarin

Senna can cause diarrhoea in some people. Diarrhoea may enhance warfarin effects and thus increase bleeding risks in people taking the combination of these two. It is advisable to avoid senna if you are taking warfarin⁴.    

2. Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Senna is a stimulant laxative. Stimulant laxatives can decrease potassium levels in the body. Less potassium levels can increase the risk of side effects from digoxin.  

3. Oestrogens

Senna might decrease oestrogen effects by affecting oestrogen absorption in the body.  

4. Diuretic Drugs

Senna can potentially cause diarrhoea as it is a laxative. It may also decrease potassium levels. Thus the combination of senna with diuretics might lead to dropping in potassium levels². 

5. Herbal Supplements

When you use senna with herbal supplements, it might cause potassium levels to drop too low. Taking senna with other herbal supplements might show a laxative effect, leading to diarrhoea. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid taking senna along with herbs such as buckthorn, liquorice, aloe, horsetail, gossypol and rhubarb². 

Also Read: Hibiscus: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. National centre for biotechnology information. LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Senna. [Internet] Updated: April 1, 2020. Available from: LiverTox – NCBI Bookshelf (nih.gov) 

2. National Library of Medicine. Medline plus, Senna [Internet] Last reviewed – October 20, 2021 Available from: Senna: MedlinePlus Supplements 

3. Ishaku GA, Arabo AA, Bassey EE, Uwem AA, Godwin EU. Physicochemical characterization and antibacterial activity of Senna occidentalis Linn. Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences. 2016;6:9-18. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291335071_Physicochemical_Characterization_and_Antibacterial_Activity_of_Senna_occidentalis_Linn

4. Abbas SR, Rani G. Medicinal significance of Alexandrian senna. J. Natural Sciences. 2020;8:24-9. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Syed-Abbas-11/publication/344571234_Medicinal_Significance_of_Alexandrian_Senna/links/5f80b79da6fdccfd7b552c35/Medicinal-Significance-of-Alexandrian-Senna.pdf  

5. Bm OO, Nwosu T, Mo W. Proximate and phytochemical composition of leaf extract of Senna alata (L) Roxb. ~ 320 ~ J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2017;6(2). Available from:  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Blessing-Onyegeme-Okerenta/publication/349255238_Proximate_and_phytochemical_composition_of_leaf_extract_of_Senna_alata_L_Roxb/links/6026dac4299bf1cc26c0cc25/Proximate-and-phytochemical-composition-of-leaf-extract-of-Senna-alata-L-Roxb.pdf 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

8

0

Introduction

Sadabahar or sadaphuli is a small shrub bearing purple, pink, or white flowers throughout the year and hence called “Sadabahar”. Natively called “periwinkle” in English Catharanthus roseus originated in Madagascar. This ornamental plant is cultivated throughout tropical and subtropical areas. Nearly 12 species are identified, out of which two are popular ground covers (a plant that grows over an area of ground). All the species bear single flowers and have opposite leaves. When the flowers are plucked, they exude a milky juice. The flowers bloom in March or April. Alba variety has white flowers, Atropurpurea has purple flowers, and Alboplena bears white flowers. Periwinkle is a rich source of medicinal compounds, and you need to know how nature has encapsulated love and care for all of us with this amazingly beautiful plant. Let us read more about the various health benefits Sadabahar leaves has to offer¹. 

Nutritional Value of Sadabahar

Sadabahar leaves and flower petals are rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates and phytochemicals like vincristine, vinblastine, vincardine, etc. The nutritional components of Sadabahar leaves are mentioned below: 

• Energy: 354 kCal
• Protein: 5.2 g
• Fat: 3.3 g
• Fibre: 2.4 g
• Calcium: 340 mg
• Iron: 27 mg
• Vitamin C: 0.02 mg

Nutritional value of Sadabahar leaves² 

The Sadabahar plant might act as a “diuretic.” Taking Sadabahar might make the body less effective at eliminating lithium. Lithium levels may rise as a result, which may have various side effects. I suggest if you are on lithium, see your doctor before consuming Sadabahar in any form. You might need to adjust your lithium dosage.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Properties of Sadabahar

Scientifically proven properties of Sadabahar include¹: 

• It may have the property to reduce bacterial and viral infections. 
• It may have the property to reduce inflammation. 
• It may have antitumour properties. 
• It may have the ability to lower blood glucose levels. 
• It may have the potential to manage blood pressure. 
• It may have a hypocholesterolemic effect. 

Potential Uses of Sadabahar for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of Sadabahar are described as under:  

1. Potential Uses of Sadabahar on Type-2 Diabetes

Type-2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by derangements (abnormalities) in blood glucose levels, due to decreased insulin (a hormone that regulates blood glucose) response or insulin resistance. Nammi et al. conducted a study in 2003 to assess the effects of sadabahar leaf juice on diabetic rats. The findings of this study stated that sadabahar had an anti-diabetic effect, attributed to increased secretion of insulin from beta cells of the pancreas. This indicates that sadabahar leaves may help in managing diabetes. However, we need more studies to support these claims in humans³. 

2. Potential Uses of Sadabahar on Hypertension

Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure >130 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure>80 mm Hg. Sadabahar as an anti-hypertensive (causing a decrease in blood pressure) agent has been used in folklore medicine. Ara et al. conducted a study in 2009 in hypertensive rats fed sadabahar leaves extract. The results of this study supported the use of sadabahar to manage high blood pressure, indicating that it may positively impact blood pressure. However, we need more studies to ascertain these claims in humans⁴. 

3. Potential Uses of Sadabahar on Cognitive Function

A literature review by Medina et al. In 2010 stated that sadabahar contains chemical compounds called alkaloids which are known to enhance cognitive function. This effect is attributed to the inhibition of an enzyme called phosphodiesterase enzyme. The inhibition of this enzyme increases the levels of bio-molecules known to regulate memory, learning, etc. This indicates that sadabahar can positively impact cognitive function⁵. 

4. Potential Uses of Sadabahar on Male Pattern Hair Loss

Androgenic Alopecia, or male pattern hair loss in men and female pattern hair loss in women, is a patterned and progressive hair loss. A review by Justin et al. was conducted in 2017, stating sadabahar may help manage androgenic alopecia. However, the exact mechanism behind this is unknown, and we need more scientific studies to claim these effects in humans⁶. 

5. Potential Uses of Sadabahar on Cancer

Vinca alkaloids are medicinal compounds obtained from the Madagascar periwinkle plant or sadabahar. Vinblastine, an important Vinca alkaloid, has anti-tumour activity and is widely used to manage testicular cancers. Vinorelbine, another alkaloid from sadabahar, finds use for managing breast cancers and osteosarcoma (bone cancer cells). This indicates that sadabahar may help manage cancers. However, the potent anticancer Vinca alkaloids are fully processed, and safety and toxicity are tested before use. We do not promote the use of sadabahar flowers or leaves for managing cancers⁷. 

6. Other Potential Uses of Sadabahar

• Sadabahar has astringent properties and may help soothe the pain of canker sores⁸. 
• European herbalists have used periwinkle for managing watery discharge in conditions like bleeding gums and diarrhea⁸. 
• The presence of vinpocetine in sadabahar has beneficial effects on hearing loss due to aging (presbyacusis). Additionally, vinpocetine may help in hypercalcemia (increased calcium in the body) which is commonly seen in patients with kidney failure⁸. 
• Herbalists have used periwinkle for managing headaches, poor memory and vertigo⁹. 
• Consumption of sadabahar leaves can positively impact the skin⁹. 
• It may benefit women who experience painful menstrual cramps and menorrhagia (heavy menstruation)⁹. 
• In India, the juice from the leaves of sadabahar are used to treat wasp stings¹⁰. 

Though there are studies that show the benefits of Sadabahar in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Sadabahar on human health.  

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative illness of the central nervous system, affects 50–60% of people with dementia. It is distinguished by significant memory loss, emotional instability, and personality changes in later life. Studies have shown that the extracts of Sadabahar may aid in Alzheimer’s Disease as it has the potential to stimulate the nervous system. I suggest the consumption of Sadabahar with a doctor’s guidance and avoiding self-medication at all costs.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Sadabahar?

• To avail of the health benefits, sadabahar leaves are used to make juice and consumed. 
• The leaves and flower petals of sadabahar are boiled and used to make “Kadha” a traditional medicinal drink in India. 
• The fresh leaves of sadabahar are either directly chewed or dried and ground to make a powder which is then consumed¹⁰. 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Side Effects of Sadabahar

A few side effects related to the consumption of sadabahar include: 

• Loh et al. in 2008 stated that vincristine, an alkaloid derived from Sadabahar can cause hair loss, constipation, hyponatremia (low sodium levels in the blood) and peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage resulting in weakness, pain, etc)¹¹. 
• An excess consumption of sadabahar leaves or petals can result in unwanted effects like nausea, vomiting, headache, and fever¹². 

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to Sadabahar, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms. 

Also Read: Shankhpushpi: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!

Precautions to Take with Sadabahar

Consuming Sadabahar is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the following conditions: 

• The safety data regarding the use of sadabahar in pregnant and lactating women, the elderly and children is limited; therefore it is advised to take necessary cautions if you plan to add this herb to your dietary routine. It is advised to consult a doctor for proper advice¹¹.   

Also Read: Sandalwood: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

• Sadabahar is known to cause a reduction in blood pressure, so if you’re on antihypertensive medicines, using sadabahar and your medications can cause your blood pressure to drop too low.  
• Consumption of sadabahar leaves may help in reducing blood sugar, so if you’re taking your anti-diabetic medications along with this herb (sadabahar), it can result in very low blood glucose levels. 

However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of sadabahar with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking^3,9. 

Also Read: Chitrakadi Vati: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Dr. Anita Kale. (2021). A scientific review on Sadaphuli in Ayurveda. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences, 6(3), 94 – 99. Retrieved from https://www.jaims.in/jaims/article/view/1309 

2. Radali, Duarah & Gupta, Alka. (2018). Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) Leaves and Lemongrass (Cympoogon citratus): An Analysis of Their Nutritional Composition, Anti-Nutritional Factors and Antioxidant Content. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 7. 2130-2135. 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.253. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326643359_Periwinkle_Catharanthus_roseus_Leaves_and_Lemongrass_Cympoogon_citratus_An_Analysis_of_Their_Nutritional_Composition_Anti-Nutritional_Factors_and_Antioxidant_Content 

3. Nammi, Srinivas et al. “The juice of fresh leaves of Catharanthus roseus Linn. reduces blood glucose in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits.” BMC complementary and alternative medicine vol. 3 (2003): 4. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-3-4. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC194756/pdf/1472-6882-3-4.pdf 

4. Ara, Naznin et al. “Comparison of hypotensive and hypolipidemic effects of Catharanthus roseus leaves extract with atenolol on adrenaline induced hypertensive rats.” Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciencesvol. 22,3 (2009): 267-71. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19553172/ 

5. Medina, Alexandre E. “Vinpocetine as a potent antiinflammatory agent.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Americavol. 107, 22 (2010): 9921-2. doi:10.1073/pnas.1005138107. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2890434/ 

6. Tan, Justin J Y et al. “Bioactives in Chinese Proprietary Medicine Modulates 5α-Reductase Activity and Gene Expression Associated with Androgenetic Alopecia.” Frontiers in pharmacology vol. 8 194. 13 Apr. 2017, doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00194. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5390023/

7. Moudi, Maryam et al. “Vinca alkaloids.” International journal of preventive medicine vol. 4,11 (2013): 1231-5. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3883245/ 
8. Periwinkle. Available at: https://www.organicindiausa.com/blog/benefits-of-madagascar-periwinkle/
9. Dey, S. (2017) Periwinkle: A herbal powerhouse, Side Effects & Dosage, HealthXP. Available at: https://healthxp.in/periwinkle-a-herbal-powerhouse-side-effects-dosage/ (Accessed: December 12, 2022).  
10. Nejat, Naghmeh et al. “Ornamental exterior versus therapeutic interior of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus): the two faces of a versatile herb.” TheScientificWorldJournal vol. 2015 (2015): 982412. doi:10.1155/2015/982412. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4312627/ 
11. Loh, Ky. “Know the Medicinal Herb: Catharanthus roseus (Vinca rosea).” Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia vol. 3,2 123. 31 Aug. 2008. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4170313/ 
12. Periwinkle (pink or white) (catharanthus roseus): Queensland Poisons Information Centre (2017) Children’s Health Queensland. Available at: https://www.childrens.health.qld.gov.au/poisonous-plant-pink-white-periwinkle-catharanthus-roseus/ (Accessed: December 16, 2022).  

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