Introduction

Blocked nose is when there is difficulty in breathing through the nose. It can happen due to an obstruction in the nasal passage or more commonly due to swelling in the lining of the nose (occurring due to several reasons). 

Blocked nose can be very distressing as it can interfere with breathing. In babies, it can further lead to sleep disturbance, irritation and poor feeding¹. Sadly, as the little ones cannot even express what they are going through, they just tend to cry, become irritated or even miserable at times. Moreover, when it comes to babies, blocked nose can be difficult to manage as only very few medications can be prescribed by doctors to these young ones. 

Well, following some simple measures at home can help you ease your little one’s discomfort, but it is also important to know when to take medical advice. 

In this blog, we will discuss about the signs of a blocked nose in babies, share certain tips that can help avoid your baby from getting a stuffy nose, some simple measures you can take at home to ease their symptoms and when you must check with a doctor. So, let’s get started! 

Why Does a Baby’s Nose Gets Blocked?

Common causes of blocked nose can include some external and internal factors. These are^1,2:

External Factors

• Viral infection: The most common reason for blocked nose is a common cold usually caused by a viral infection. Viral infections can occur due to viruses like Rhinovirus, Influenza virus and Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). 
• Bacterial infection: Bacterial infections like sinusitis commonly caused by organisms like Streptococcus pneumonia or Haemophilus influenza can also lead to a blocked nose³.
• Exposure to allergens: Allergy causing agents like pollen grain, dust, smoke and perfumes causes irritation in the nasal cavity leading to cold or stuffy nose. 
• Climatic changes: Sudden change in climate or exposure to dry air or cold weather can lead to common cold in babies. 
• Foreign body inhalation: Inhalation of foreign objects like nuts or any small food particles can obstruct the airway. 

Internal Factors

• Nasal septum deviation: Nasal septum is the thin wall of bone and cartilage that divides the inside of your nose into two separate air passages, or nostrils⁴. 
• Injury: Some babies get nasal injury during the process of birth; this can also be a cause for blocked nose⁴.
• Gastroesophageal reflux in newborns: This condition results from the backflow of stomach acid into the food pipe making it difficult for the baby to breath⁵.
• Nasal polyps:  A small soft lump that is formed inside the nasal passages or sinuses⁴.
• Enlarged adenoids: These are swollen tissue behind the nose that can block a babies’ nasal passage, making it difficult to breathe. This can lead to issues like loud breathing and restless sleep. ⁶ 

External factors lead to nasal congestion, commonly known as a stuffy nose, by irritating the membrane of nasal mucosa. In response to this, the nasal lining swells and increases its mucus production, leading to the sensation of a blocked or congested airway. The excessive mucus may sometimes start oozing out of the nose causing a runny nose².

Nasal Congestion Symptoms in Babies

A blocked nose can present with a variety of symptoms, including^7,8. 

• Noisy breathing: This is the most common symptom that happens due to narrowed airway passage. 
• Breathlessness: Due to increased mucus secretion, which narrows the nasal cavity, a baby may have difficulty breathing or may breathe rapidly. 
• Reduced appetite: When a baby’s nose is blocked, their appetite can be reduced. They may refuse to feed for long periods because the congestion makes them feel breathless. 
• Lack of sleep or Snoring: When a baby experiences shortness of breath, their sleep may be disturbed. Blocked nose can also lead to snoring sounds. 
• Irritability: When a baby’s nose is congested, it can make them irritable and fussy. 
• Cough: Baby might cough or gag in an attempt to clear the mucus dripping down their throat. 
• Sneezing: Particularly if congestion is associated with exposure to allergens, it causes nasal irritation, which often results in sneezing. 
• Watery and red eyes: As the eyes, nose, and tear ducts are all connected, a runny nose and sneezing can cause the baby’s eyes to become red and watery. 
• Fever: If a baby’s blocked nose is caused by an infection, they may also develop a fever. 
• Runny nose: Sometimes, you might see clear, watery, or even thick and discoloured mucus coming from their nose. 

While nasal congestion symptoms in babies can vary from one to the other, it’s important for parents to keep a close eye on all the signs, no matter how minor they seem. 

Natural and Safe Ways to Unblock Babies Blocked Nose

Dealing with a stuffy baby nose is never easy, but you can help them feel better with these simple, natural methods you can use right at home^2,9,10. 

1. Nasal wash

A saline nasal wash is beneficial for cleansing and moisturizing nasal passages. It works by flushing out irritants like pollen, dust and other debris. This will also help to remove extra mucus in the nasal cavity. Normal saline drops or spray are available in all pharmacy stores. Some nasal washing devices like neti pots, rubber nasal bulb are also available at the stores^11,18.

2. Use of suction bulb or mucus extractor

For this, firstly moisten the nasal cavity with a saline spray and squeeze the bulb of suction to expel the air. Then gently insert its tip into the nose and release the bulb to suction out the mucus. If the mucus is properly moistened it will be easily expelled using the bulb. Make sure to do this before feeding because a clearer airway will help the baby feel better, leading to more successful feeds¹².

3. Cool mist vaporizer

This helps to moisten the air and clear the nasal cavity. Place the unit 2 meter away from the bed. Avoid running the vaporizer continuously and keep humidity between 40% to 50% to prevent mould and mildew (type of fungus) growth because it can cause breathing issue. Use distilled water instead of tap water, minerals in the tap water can cause harmful white dust and breathing problems. Make sure to clean and dry the vaporizer before and after each use to prevent from bacterial infection¹³. 

4. Steam

Giving direct steam for babies is not safe as it can cause burn so, create a steamy environment by running a hot shower and sitting with your baby in the bathroom for some time before bed. 

5. Proper hydration

Make sure your baby stays well-hydrated. Continue breastfeeding or formula feeding and if you feel child is struggling to eat try offering smaller amounts more frequently. Giving them plenty of warm fluids helps thin out mucus and prevents dehydration. 

6. Elevate bed

To reduce nasal congestion and to help your child breathe easier, you can raise the head of their bed. Try placing a pillow under the head of the mattress or putting some blocks under the bed’s legs at the head. 

7. Rest

To reduce their fussiness and irritation it’s important to have a good sleep and rest. Following the above steps should help the baby feel better to a certain extent and promote proper sleep and rest. 

When your baby has a stuffy nose, these simple, natural tricks can make some difference. By helping them breathe easier, they will be more comfortable and will be able to get the rest they need to feel better. 

Note: You must not rely only on these home remedies for the treatment of the condition. 

Finding out how to treat congestion depends on what is causing it. Your baby’s doctor can help you find out what is going on and suggest the best ways to help your little one feel better. 

How to Prevent Frequent Nose Blocks in Babies?

Preventing frequent nose blocks in babies is often a matter of taking a few simple, proactive steps. By focusing on some points mentioned below, you can help your little one breathe easier and stay more comfortable^14,15,16. 

• Safety first: To keep your little one healthy, it’s important to keep their surroundings clean. Make sure to regularly disinfect the floor, their toys, and pacifiers to protect them from germs. 
• Maintaining good hygiene: Babies explore everything with their hands, and then those hands often go into their mouths. So, make sure to wash your own hands frequently, and gently wipe your baby’s hands clean to prevent the spread of germs. 
• Routine immunization: Keeping up with your baby’s immunizations is a simple yet powerful way to protect them. These shots help their little bodies build strong defences against common illnesses like flu, that can lead to congestion and other complications. 
• Protect your babies: Limit their exposure to sick people, their little immune systems are still developing, so something as simple as a cold can cause significant discomfort and congestion. 
• Boost their health: Support a healthy lifestyle with a nutritious diet and plenty of fluids. A healthy body is better at fighting off germs. 
• Keep airways moist: During dry air climate, use a humidifier in rooms, to add moisture to the air. You can also use saline sprays or washes often to keep their nasal passages from drying out. 
• Discourage nose picking: Digging or pricking into nose can lead to nose bleeding or infections. So, make sure to moisten the nasal cavity with the use of saline drops and use suction bulb for cleaning. 
• Limit irritants: Protect your child from smoke and other things that can cause allergies. Avoid smoking around them or in your home. 

Taking these few simple precautions, you can make a big difference in preventing frequent nose blocks in your baby. By focusing on good hygiene and creating a healthy environment, you can help them stay healthy. 

When to Consult a Doctor?

It’s natural to worry when your baby is sick. Knowing when to call a doctor or seek emergency care can make a big difference. You should call your primary care provider if they have any of the following symptoms^15,16,18 : 

• Unusual Cough: Watch out for a barking or a wheezing cough this could be a potential sign of pneumonia (infection in the lungs) or another chest infection like bronchiolitis (infection in the tiny airway that leads to the lungs). 
• Persistent Cold: If their nasal discharge has been thick for more than 10 days, it might be more than just a simple cold. 
• Feeding issues: If the baby is refusing to feed or not feeding properly, or you observe that the baby is breaking away while feeding to gasp for air, it is always better to consult a doctor for immediate relief. 
• Unusual Fussiness and Crying: When a baby cries for a long time and seems unusually cranky, it could be a sign they’re in pain, possibly from an earache or a headache. 
• Change in Colour of Mucus: If the mucus colour seems to be greenish yellow for more than 10 days, it’s another possible sign of a chest infection like pneumonia. 
• High or Persistent Fever: Call the doctor if their fever repeatedly spikes, or if a fever over 100.4°F lasts more than three days. 

Seek emergency care if you see below symptoms: 

• Breathing difficulties: This includes trouble in breathing or taking short, rapid breaths. 
• Bluish Discoloration (Cyanosis): If their lips or fingernails look bluish, it’s a serious sign that they aren’t getting enough oxygen. 
• Severe Cough: If baby chokes or vomits due to cough, it means the baby needs immediate medical attention. 

Knowing these important signs gives you an idea of what action to take. Like when to call a doctor for a persistent problem and when to rush to the emergency room for breathing trouble. This will ensure your little one gets exactly the right care when they need it. 

Conclusion

A stuffy nose can be tough on the little one but remember that it’s a very common hurdle for parents. The good news is that, by staying calm and trying some simple, gentle home remedies, you can help your baby feel a lot more comfortable. Look out for signs that need medical attention, and if you have any concerns or questions, remember that your doctor is always there to provide guidance and reassurance. With a little care and patience, your baby will be breathing easy and be back to their cheerful self in no time. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Mohamed S, Emmanuel N, Foden N. Nasal obstruction: a common presentation in primary care. British Journal of General Practice [Internet]. 2019 Nov 28;69(689):628–9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6867212/ 

2. Stuffy or runny nose – children: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]. medlineplus.gov. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003051.htm 

3. Patel ZM, Hwang PH. Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis. Infections of the Ears, Nose, Throat, and Sinuses. 2018;133–43. Available from:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7122468/ 

4. Nose Injuries and Disorders [Internet]. medlineplus.gov. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/noseinjuriesanddisorders.html 

5. Reflux in Infants [Internet]. medlineplus.gov. 2017. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html 

6. Influences of Airway Obstruction Caused by Adenoid Hypertrophy on Growth and Development of Craniomaxillofacial Structure and Respiratory Function in Children. Tang M, editor. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine [Internet]. 2022 Aug 30 [cited 2023 May 9];2022:1–7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9448534/ 

7. Australia H. Coughs and colds in children [Internet]. www.healthdirect.gov.au. 2022. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/coughs-and-colds-in-children 

8. CDC. Symptoms of RSV [Internet]. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV). 2024. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/symptoms/index.html 

9. Rochester.edu. [Internet]. 2024. Available from: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=56&contentid=2914 

10. How to treat the common cold at home: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]. Medlineplus.gov. 2016. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000466.htm 

11. Saline nasal washes: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]. medlineplus.gov. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000801.htm 

12. Understanding Bronchiolitis in Children [Internet]. Lakecountyin.gov. Official Website of the Lake County Indiana Government; 2025 [cited 2025 Nov 17]. Available from: https://lakecountyin.gov/departments/health/nursing-clinic/diseases-and-conditions/childrens-conditions/understanding-bronchiolitis-in-children 

13. Humidifiers and health: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]. medlineplus.gov. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002104.htm 

14. Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center [Internet]. Rochester.edu. 2025. Available from: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=90&contentid=p02063 

15. Colds in children. Paediatrics & Child Health[Internet]. 2005 Oct;10(8):493–5. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2722603/ 

16. CDC. Sinus Infection Basics [Internet]. Sinus Infection. 2024. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/sinus-infection/about/index.html 

17. Nosebleed : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]. medlineplus.gov. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003106.htm 

18. Should you give kids medicine for coughs and colds? FDA [Internet]. 2021 Jan 10; Available from: https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/should-you-give-kids-medicine-coughs-and-colds 

19. Safe Sleep Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Are there risks associated with swaddling? [Internet]. [cited 2025 Sep 25]. Available from: https://www.health.mn.gov/people/womeninfants/infantmort/safesleepfaq.pdf 

20. Serrano TLI, Pfeilsticker L, Silva V, Hazboun I, Paschoal J, Maunsell R, et al. Newborn Nasal Obstruction due to Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis. Allergy & Rhinology. 2016 Jan;7(1):ar.2016.7.0146. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27103559/#:~:text=Affiliation,severe%20respiratory%20distress%20in%20newborns. 

21. Schwartz C. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]. Medlineplus.gov. 2016. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001563.htm 

22. Israel L, Rotter G, Förster-Ruhrmann U, Hummelsberger J, Nögel R, Michalsen A, et al. Acupressure in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled exploratory trial. Chinese Medicine [Internet]. 2021 Dec 18;16:137. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8684198/ 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

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Introduction

Vomiting, in medical terms, is the forceful throwing out of harmful and irritating components from the gut. This happens by the contraction of the walls of stomach, leading to the back flow of contents of the stomach to the food pipe, finally coming out through the mouth. It is a very common issue, especially when it comes to children¹.

In children, the causes of vomiting are many. These include gastroenteritis (stomach flu), urinary tract infections, food allergies, and feeding issues amongst others^2,3. These causes may lead to vomiting often combined with other symptoms such as nausea, fever, headache, and abdominal pain¹.

To help stop vomiting and ease your child’s discomfort, there are some home remedies that can be tried. However, home relief measures alone may not be able to tackle you child’s condition, and medical attention may be necessary in some situations. According to the severity of vomiting, the doctor may suggest certain lab tests to diagnose the underlying cause, assess signs of dehydratio,n and prescribe suitable medications¹.

So here, we will discuss the causes, associated symptoms, diagnosis and management of vomiting in kids. We will share some home remedies that may help relieve their discomfort and suggest when you must seek medical attention.  

Common Causes of Vomiting in Kids

Vomiting in kids might be due to many reasons. Depending upon the underlying cause, the associated symptoms may also vary. Here are few causes of vomiting in kids and some common symptoms associated with it: 

• Digestive Tract Infections: Gut infection or digestive tract infection, also called as gastroenteritis, is among the most common causes of vomiting in children. It may be a parasitic, viral or bacterial infection that usually disappears within a week. Loss of appetite, headache, sudden watery motions, fever, and arms and legs pain are the major symptoms of this infection¹.
• Food Poisoning: When the food is poorly prepared or stored, it becomes the ground for germs to grow. Children eating such contaminated foods develop food poisoning. Its symptoms are like that of gastroenteritis. But it may cause severe dehydration. Staying hydrated here is very important¹.
• Motion Sickness: Compared to elder children, motion sickness is more common in babies. It normally occurs when they travel by car, train, or airplane¹. Rides in amusement parks, and video games can also stimulate motion sickness. Irritation, headache, and light-headedness are few symptoms that often occur along with vomiting in motion sickness. 
• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): UTI can also cause vomiting, and it is quiet common in kids. Other symptoms of UTI include fatigue, fever, pain, and irritation while passing urine, and smelly urine¹.
• Gastroesophageal Reflux: GERD, that is the back flow of stomach acid into oesophagus, is very common in paediatric age group and can cause vomiting². In infants, a common symptom is spitting small amounts after feeding. Other symptoms in smaller children include regurgitation, irritability, and refusal to feed while older children can complain of heartburn. 
• Feeding and Coughing: Issues like overeating/overfeeding or eating too quickly can cause vomiting³. Excessive coughing or trying to expectorate hard cough can also lead to vomiting. However, vomiting due to these is usually temporary and may not show other associated symptoms. 
• Appendicitis:The appendix is a small organ found near the large intestine. Appendicitis is a condition of inflammation of the appendix. Along with vomiting, it usually causes severe abdominal pain, loss of appetite, a rise in body temperature, and difficulty in passing stool or diarrhoea¹.
• Poisoning or Overdose: Babies often put whatever they get into their mouth. Substances found in our homes when swallowed by children might turn poisonous. Similarly taking overdoses of medicines are also dangerous. Apart from vomiting, difficulty in breathing, tiredness, and seizures are the other symptoms of poisoning¹.
• Brain-related: Conditions like meningitis, head injury, increased intracranial pressure, migraine and rarely even a brain tumour may lead to vomiting^1,3. These may present with symptoms such as headache, avoidance of bright lights or neck stiffness, and require further investigations to diagnose the condition. 
• Other Causes: Conditions causing bowel obstruction like intussusception or pyloric stenosis and some infections like dengue or typhoid can also cause vomiting in children^1,3.

Possible Complications of Vomiting in Children

Following are some of the major complications that may be associated with persistent or recurrent vomiting in kids. 

1. Dehydration 

Dehydration occurs when enough quantity of liquid is not present in your child’s body. It leads to life-threatening conditions.  Kidneys do not produce urine when there is poor blood supply caused by dehydration. This results in accumulation of wastes in the body. Severe dehydration results in hypovolemic shock, a condition in which body does not have enough fluid and blood. This lowers the blood pressure, and poor delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. Dehydration when left untreated for a long-time may result acid to build in the body, irregular heartbeat, and even death⁴.

2. Electrolyte Imbalance 

Electrolyte imbalance is the variation in the levels of important salts or minerals such as sodium, potassium, calcium etc in the blood. When the level of sodium becomes less (hyponatremia) or high (hypernatremia) in your child’s blood, it can cause long-term neurological issues such as confusion, seizures, and even coma. Also, be careful while doing treatment for dehydration since it paves the way for electrolyte imbalance if not done properly. ORS solutions which are improperly prepared causes hypernatremia. In rare cases, consuming incorrectly prepared ORS solutions might cause gastric issues such as stomach bleeding and duodenal ulcers⁴.

3. Malnutrition 

There are various aspects of malnutrition. This is the condition occurring because of lack of nutrients in the body, resulting from poor diet or a nutrient absorption problem. Vomiting in kids lessens their hunger, which in turn makes children eat less. This when occurs repeatedly, may contribute to acute malnutrition and a range of health conditions. Stunting (height deficiency) is an indicator of long-term malnutrition, which causes developmental problems⁵.

4. Oesophageal Injury 

Repeated regurgitation of gastric contents in the oesophagus can lead to tearing and injury. Forceful vomiting can lead to a condition called Boerhaave Syndrome where the oesophageal wall ruptures. This can occur due to an increase in intraoesophageal pressure due to vomiting, along with the chest pressure. This causes tearing on the back side of the oesophagus near the diaphragm. It is a medical emergency and needs immediate attention⁶.

What to Do When Your Child Is Vomiting?

Certain home care tips might help reduce the severity of vomiting in your child.  

• Keeping hydrated throughout is particularly important to prevent dehydration may your child be of any age.  
• If your child is feeling extremely sick let them take just small sips of water. 
• If you are breast feeding mom, give your baby breast milk exclusively.  
• If the babies are fed with formula or solid foods, do not forget to give small sips of water in between ⁷.
• Avoid giving fruit juices or fizzy drinks. 
• You can give them ORS (oral rehydration solution) which may help replace the salts and minerals they lost by vomiting¹. Use ORS solution recommended by WHO⁸.
• Do not force them to take liquids or food for at least an hour. Once you think their vomiting is subsiding start giving them water or breast milk in small amount⁸.
• After completing 6 to 8 hours without vomiting, you may start giving them easily digestible solids like crackers, soup, mashed potatoes, or rice⁸.
• When you give them cooked food, make sure you give it when the food gets cool, to prevent the intense smell that might provoke the vomiting⁹.
• If your child has severe vomiting, let them take rest and avoid physical activity⁹. 
• Make your child feel relaxed. Changing their mind by making them imagine something different like what they hear, see, taste might help divert their thought and block the tendency of vomiting⁹.

Safe and Effective Home Remedies for Vomiting

Along with solutions like oral rehydration, there are certain other home remedies that you may try out to deal with vomiting and ease discomfort in kids.  

• Taking a few sips of ginger juice or ale may help soothe the stomach⁹. 
• Using some lemon or mint drops might help in preventing bad taste due to vomiting⁹. 
• Sucking popsicles or ice chips made from ORS can help keep hydrated⁹.
• Trying pepper mint oil aromatherapy to manage nausea and vomiting symptoms due to their anti-inflammatory properties^9,10.
• Giving acupressure on certain parts of your child’s body may also help to control vomiting⁹.

Though these methods may help reduce vomiting and ease discomfort associated with it, these must be used age-appropriately, for instance, some of them may not be suitable for use in very small children. Moreover, remember that these are only adjunctive measures, and if your child’s condition does not improve, proper medical attention is necessary.  

When to See the Doctor?

Vomiting is a symptom of many diseases. If you think your child’s condition is getting worse beyond 24 hours, even after giving home remedies, it is crucial to consult a physician. Here are the signs that you should take into consideration: 

• If you notice dry lips and mouth, less urination, no tears while crying, poor activity or excessive crying, these are the signs of severe dehydration².
• If you see them disturbed, irritated or angry².
• If their vomit appears in unusual colours like green or coffee brown or you see blood in the vomit^2,7.
• If the vomiting persists for more than 2 days^2,7.
• If you see they are very disturbed, and tired, find uncommon rashes, and severe abdominal pain or distention².
• If their temperature is beyond 38.5°C⁷.
• If their neck becomes stiff and painful, with head pain². 
• If you think they have breathing issues⁸.

These indicate the need for medical attention. 

Diagnosis of Vomiting in Children

Doctors prescribe diagnostic tests for kids based on their symptoms and how long they are suffering from vomiting. They also examine the severity of dehydration in kids suffering from vomiting¹. The common tests employed to find the causes of vomiting in kids are: 

• Blood Tests: These are the kind of tests performed to check the general health. A wide range of blood tests help to figure out whether vomiting is due to viral or bacterial infection. This helps in making further diagnosis and treatment decisions¹¹.
• Urine Analysis: This is also a basic test done to figure out the general health conditions of individuals including children. Increased urine output in children with vomiting indicates dehydration¹². Urine tests can help detect the cause of vomiting when it is due to urinary tract infections or kidney infection (acute pyelonephritis)¹³.
• Ultrasound: Ultrasound is safe, accurate and useful to help distinguish conditions like  pyloric stenosis ( tube connecting stomach to intestine is narrow, hence food cannot pass to intestine) from other causes of severe vomiting in kids¹⁴. It can also help identify causes of bilious vomiting (vomiting bile) in kids, such as intestinal atresia (a part of the intestine is blocked or missing) , malrotation (improper intestinal position), or obstruction¹⁵.
• Serum Electrolytes: Acute vomiting and diarrhoea in children due to gastroenteritis can cause changes in serum electrolytes. Therefore, serum tests are useful to check electrolyte balance, especially in cases of severe dehydration¹⁶.
• Stool Routine, Microscopy and Culture: Using these tests, pathogen that cause gastroenteritis can be detected. Stool microbiological investigation is particularly recommended in children with vomiting accompanied by blood and/or mucus in stool, vomiting with diarrhoea lasting for more than 7 days, severe dehydration, or prolonged illness¹¹.
• Lumbar Puncture: This is a procedure where fluid is collected from around the spinal cord This is mainly used to detect any causes of vomiting related to the brain, such as meningitis.  

The above-mentioned tests should be done only after the prescription of a certified medical practitioner. 

Medical Treatment Options for Vomiting

1. Antiemetics

Antiemetics are the medicines that treat nausea and vomiting, administered orally or intravenously. Ondansetron is an antiemetic drug that may help lower vomiting and dehydration in kids. Domperidone and Promethazine are among the most used antiemetic medicines in children. Drugs like metoclopramide and prochlorperazine are less often used, as they may cause side effects like sleepiness and body pain¹².

These drugs are easily available in the market without prescription of a doctor. But always consult a physician before using these drugs, especially for the safety of your child. 

2. Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) 

ORT simply means giving oral rehydration solutions to kids who have vomiting, diarrhoea, ands tiredness. You can give your kids ORS solutions in small quantities at different intervals. This may help kids to regain fluids lost through vomiting⁴. 

• For kids who refuse fluids and cannot drink by themselves, experts might introduce a nasogastric tube (feeding tube), which helps in keeping their body hydrated⁴.
• WHO suggests an ORT solution with less than 20 g/L of glucose, 60 to 90 mEq/L of sodium, and 15 to 25 mEq/L of potassium⁴.
• An extra 50 to 100ml of solution may help in kids, following each stage of vomiting or diarrhoea. In older children, the quantity of extra fluids depends on their age, weight, and the amount of fluid they lost⁴.
• Avoid giving broths with excessive salts or sugary syrups to kids, instead choose pharmacy-based ORS solutions⁴.

3. Intravenous Fluids (IV Fluids) 

In kids with severe dehydration, fluids need to be administered through veins. There are diverse types of IV fluids.  

• Normal saline (0.9%): Normal saline may help in kids with severe dehydration with less blood volume. 70 to 100 mL/kg for 3 to 6 hours is the fluid volume recommended by WHO, although administration time depends on age and weight of the child and further repetition depends on the kid’s response. If the veins are unavailable, doctors give a rapid dose of saline directly into the bone marrow as an emergency step⁴.
• Intravenous sugar solution: Rapid drop in blood sugar in kids may be rectified by introducing 0.5 to 1 g/kg intravenous glucose. Giving 5–10 mL of 10% dextrose or 25% dextrose for each kilogram of the child’s weight is more practical. Giving 2 mL/kg of a 50% dextrose solution in adolescents with large IV tubes may help⁴.
• Ringer’s lactate solution: This solution is also known as Hartmann’s solution for injection. It has enough amount of sodium and sufficient lactate⁴. This might help in reducing acidity in blood caused by dehydration. Giving the solution for a definite period may improve severe dehydration in kids. 

How to Prevent Vomiting?

Certain preventive measures can help kids to avoid getting infections that cause vomiting.  

• Wash your kid’s hands with soap or hand wash as they return from the toilet, after changing their diaper, and before they start eating¹.
• Prepare food only after washing your hands properly, because a lack of hygiene can increase the risk of spreading infections¹.
• Maintain cleanliness in the toilet, your toddler’s room, and the surrounding to which they are often subjected¹⁸.
• Take care while you clean the vomit or diarrhoea of your child; wear gloves as this might help prevent further contamination¹.
• Wash clothes with kids vomit or stool separately using hot water. Avoid sharing your child’s clothes, towels, and vessels with others¹⁷.
• Avoid giving your kids spicy, oily foods or undercooked meals if you think they have some signs of vomiting⁹.
• Protect your child’s food, keep it in closed containers out of reach of insects or pets as they can contaminate the food¹⁸.

Conclusion

Vomiting in kids is common, and usually results from infections, digestive issues, malnutrition, or other medical conditions. Mild cases can be managed at home by hydration and rest, but consulting your doctor is very crucial if you find severe dehydration symptoms like dry mouth, sunken eyes, less and dark urine. Early recognition of symptoms helps prevent complications in your kids.  

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Australia H. Vomiting in Children [Internet]. www.healthdirect.gov.au. 2021. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/vomiting-in-children 

2. Vomiting in Children and Babies [Internet]. NHS inform. Available from: https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/vomiting-in-children-and-babies/ 

3. Nausea and Vomiting in Infants and Children [Internet]. MSD Manuals Professional Version. Available from: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/symptoms-in-infants-and-children/nausea-and-vomiting-in-infants-and-children  

4. Daley SF, Avva U. Pediatric Dehydration [Internet]. National Library of Medicine. StatPearls Publishing; 2024. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK436022/  

5. Lenters L, Wazny K, Bhutta ZA. Management of Severe and Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Children [Internet]. Black RE, Laxminarayan R, Temmerman M, Walker N, editors. PubMed. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2016. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK361900/ 

6. Kassem MM, Wallen JM. Oesophageal Perforation, Rupture, And Tears [Internet]. PubMed. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532298/ 

7. Diarrhoea and Vomiting [Internet]. indirect. 2017 [cited 2025 Sep 29]. Available from: https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/diarrhoea-and-vomiting#toc-4 

8. HOME CARE GUIDE… Providing Care at Home [Internet]. [cited 2025 Sep 29]. Available from: https://www.tarrantcountytx.gov/content/dam/main/public-health/phpreparedness/pdf/HomePrepBooklet_CR1_3final.pdf 

9. American Cancer Society. Managing Nausea and Vomiting at Home [Internet]. www.cancer.org. 2024. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/nausea-and-vomiting/managing.html 

10. Yağmur Şancı, Yıldız S, Ayçiçek A, Naciye Möhür. Effect of peppermint-lemon aromatherapy on nausea-vomiting and quality of life in pediatric patients with leukemia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2023 Jul 1;72. Available from: https://www.ovid.com/journals/jpenu/abstract/10.1016/j.pedn.2023.07.001~effect-of-peppermint-lemon-aromatherapy-on-nausea-vomiting?redirectionsource=fulltextview 

11. Health (UK) NCC for W and C. Diagnosis [Internet]. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. RCOG Press; 2009. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK63841/ 

12. CDC. Managing Acute Gastroenteritis among children: Oral rehydration, maintenance, and Nutritional therapy [Internet]. CDC. 2019. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5216a1.htm 

13. Barola S, Grossman OK, Abdelhalim A. Urinary tract infections in children [Internet]. PubMed. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK599548/ 

14. Rollins MD, Shields MD, Quinn RJ, Wooldridge MA. Value of ultrasound in differentiating causes of persistent vomiting in infants. Gut. 1991 Jun 1;32(6):612–4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2060869/ 

15. Alehossein M, Abdi S, Pourgholami M, Naseri M, Salamati P. Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound in Determining the Cause of Bilious Vomiting in Neonates. Iranian Journal of Radiology. 2012 Oct 30;9(4):190–4. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3569550/ 

16. Kinasha AA, Pernica JM, Banda FM, Goldfarb DM, Welch HD, Steenhoff AP, et al. Electrolyte abnormalities and clinical outcomes in children aged one month to 13 years hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in two large referral hospitals in Botswana. PLOS Global Public Health [Internet]. 2025 May 8;5(5):e0004588–8. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12061178/ 

17. NHS website. Diarrhoea and Vomiting [Internet]. nhs.uk. 2018. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/symptoms/diarrhoea-and-vomiting/ 

18. Food Safety at Home [Internet]. caringforkids.cps.ca. Available from: https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/healthy-living/food_safety_at_home 

19. Diarrhoea and Vomiting in Children [Internet]. Cambridge University Hospitals. Available from: https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/diarrhoea-and-vomiting/ 

20. Weir SBS, Akhondi H. Bland Diet [Internet]. Nih.gov. StatPearls Publishing; 2019. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538142/ 

21. Worrall G. Acute Cough in Children. Canadian Family Physician [Internet]. 2011 Mar;57(3):315. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3056681/ 

22. Macknin ML, Piedmonte M, Jacobs J, Skibinski C. Symptoms Associated With Infant Teething: A Prospective Study. Pediatrics. 2000 Apr 1;105(4):747–52. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10742315/ 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

Introduction

One of the most common nutritional deficiencies observed in otherwise healthy, growing children is vitamin D deficiency¹. A multicentre study across six Indian states involving over 2,500 children (5 to 18 years) found that only 36.8% showed sufficient levels of vitamin D². Despite India’s abundant sunlight, this deficiency remains highly prevalent and can significantly affect bone health and overall growth.  

Vitamin D, along with calcium and phosphorus, plays a vital role in bone maturation and mineralisation. Thus, inadequate levels of these nutrients could impair proper bone formation, which may lead to conditions like rickets³.

Through this article, we aim to highlight the importance of addressing vitamin D deficiency and preventing rickets disease in the growing population. 

What is Rickets?

Rickets is a bone disorder that causes the bones of growing children to become soft and weak⁴.

It occurs when the mineralisation (a process that makes bones strong and rigid) of the growing parts of bones, known as the epiphyseal plates, is defective. In simple terms, this means the bones do not harden properly as they grow.  

Rickets can be inherited (genetic) or acquired (nutritional), with nutritional rickets being the most common form seen worldwide³.

The Role of Vitamin D in Rickets

Vitamin D plays a vital role in maintaining healthy bones by regulating the body’s levels of calcium and phosphorus, the two main minerals responsible for bone strength and structure. It helps the intestines and kidneys absorb calcium and phosphorus from food and urine and ensures that these minerals are properly deposited in growing bones. 

When vitamin D levels are low, the body cannot absorb enough calcium and phosphorus. As a result, bones become soft, weak, and poorly mineralised, leading to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. The lack of vitamin D also triggers an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH), which draws calcium out of bones to maintain normal blood levels, further weakening the skeleton⁴.

Therefore, ensuring sufficient vitamin D during growth years is crucial to prevent rickets disease, promote bone development, and support overall skeletal health. 

Symptoms of Rickets

Rickets often develops gradually as bones weaken and can affect multiple parts of a child’s body. Common rickets symptoms include^3,5:

• Muscle cramps and general fatigue 
• Bone pain or tenderness in the arms, legs, pelvis, and spine 
• Muscle weakness and reduced muscle tone, which may worsen over time 
• Delayed growth and developmental milestones.  
• Frequent bone fractures, even after minor injuries 
• Dental problems, such as delayed tooth eruption, weak enamel, or increased cavities 
• Excessive irritability is also a feature of vitamin D deficiency. 

Children with rickets disease may also develop skeletal deformities, such as⁵:

• Bowed legs or knock knees 
• An abnormally shaped skull 
• Bumps along the rib cage (rachitic rosary) 
• A protruding breastbone (pigeon chest) 
• Spinal or pelvic deformities 
• Protruding abdomen 
• Chronic cough 

Note: Children with rickets are often smaller for their age, and their teeth may appear later than usual⁶. Thus, early recognition of rickets symptoms is essential to prevent long-term bone deformities and complications. 

Causes of Rickets

The most common cause of rickets is a deficiency of vitamin D, which is essential for calcium and phosphorus absorption and bone mineralisation. In some cases, low calcium or phosphorus intake may also lead to rickets. 

Rickets disease may be nutritional (acquired) or genetic (inherited)³:

• Nutritional rickets occurs due to inadequate vitamin D from the diet, limited sunlight exposure, or malabsorption (as seen in conditions like celiac disease). 
• Genetic rickets results from inherited defects that affect vitamin D production, activation, or action in the body. 
• Certain medications (like anticonvulsants), chronic liver or kidney diseases, and disorders affecting phosphate metabolism may also cause rickets. 

Risk Factors

Rickets most often develops when the body does not get or use enough vitamin D, calcium, or phosphorus, leading to weak and poorly mineralised bones. Children are at a higher risk if they^3,5: 

• Spend little time outdoors or have limited sun exposure 
• Have dark skin, which reduces vitamin D synthesis 
• Are exclusively breastfed without vitamin D supplementation 
• Live in polluted or high-latitude areas where sunlight exposure is low 
• Are born preterm or there was maternal deficieny of vitamin D during pregnancy 
• Suffer from mabsorption syndromes like celiac disease 
• Primarily have a vegan diet 

Complications of Rickets

If rickets disease is not treated in time, it can lead to³:

• Poor growth and short height 
• Weak bones that break easily (multiple fractures) 
• Bone deformities (such as bowed legs or knock knees) 
• Abnormal skull growth, which may cause hydrocephalus or increased pressure in the head (ICH) and leads to devlopmental delay. 
• Dental problems (delayed tooth eruption, weak enamel, dental caries, or underdeveloped teeth) 

If the deficiency becomes severe, low calcium levels can lead to³:

• Muscle cramps or seizures 
• Heart and skeletal muscle weakness (myopathy) 

If left untreated, these complications may progress and become life-threatening. 

Diagnosis of Rickets

Diagnosis of rickets is based on clinical evaluation, biochemical investigations, and radiological findings. A detailed medical history and thorough physical examination are essential to identify underlying causes and assess disease severity. 

Laboratory investigations help confirm the diagnosis. Basic tests include^3,5:

• Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 
• Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
• Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 
• Serum/Urine calcium and phosphate 
• ALP isoenzymes 
• Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine 
• Liver enzymes 

Radiological evaluation (especially X-rays) is also performed to confirm characteristic bone changes, particularly at rapidly growing sites such as the wrists, knees, and ribs. 

Treatment and Management

Treatment depends on the cause, most commonly a vitamin D or calcium deficiency. The main goals are to correct the deficiency, strengthen bones, and prevent deformities. 

Treatment options include^3,7.

• Vitamin D therapy with daily, weekly, or maintenance regimens 
• Calcium supplementation to support bone mineralisation 
• Sunlight exposure to boost natural vitamin D production 
• Dietary changes to include vitamin D–rich foods  
• Bracing or corrective surgery for bone deformities (in severe cases) 

Ongoing care³:

• Regular blood tests for vitamin D, calcium, phosphate, ALP, and PTH 
• Urine tests to monitor calcium loss 

Note: Genetic forms of rickets are best managed under the care of a paediatric endocrinologist or a metabolic bone specialist. 

Prevention of Rickets

Rickets is caused by vitamin D deficiency and is largely preventable through proper nutrition, sunlight exposure, and supplementation. Key preventive measures include: 

• Vitamin D and calcium intake: Ensure a diet rich in vitamin D (fortified milk, fish, eggs) and calcium (dairy products, leafy vegetables)³.
• Sun exposure: Encourage regular, safe sunlight exposure for about 5 to 30 minutes, 2 times a week (more often for darker skin tones) after 6 months of age⁸.
• Maternal supplementation: Pregnant women are advised to take vitamin D (under medical guidance) along with other essential nutrients to help prevent deficiency in their babies³.
• Infant supplementation: Vitamin D drops are recommended for all infants in the first year, and after infancy, for children who are at a higher risk due to poor diet or previous rickets³.
• Medical care: Kidney or digestive disorders should be treated promptly to improve vitamin D absorption⁵.
• Genetic counselling: This is recommended for families with inherited forms of rickets⁹.

When to Seek Medical Help?

Early medical attention is important to prevent permanent bone damage and complications. Consult a doctor immediately if your child shows³:

• Delayed growth or walking 
• Bone pain, tenderness, or deformities (bowed legs, thick wrists/ankles) 
• Frequent fractures or muscle weakness 
• Seizures or muscle spasms (possible severe calcium deficiency) 

Also Read: Caring for a Baby with Blocked Nose: Simple Tips for Parents 

Conclusion

Rickets is a preventable and treatable condition that primarily results from vitamin D or calcium deficiency.  

Early recognition through clinical evaluation, biochemical tests, and radiological findings is key to effective management. In addition to this, adequate nutrition, sunlight exposure, and timely supplementation during pregnancy and childhood play vital roles in preventing rickets in children. Therefore, parents should keep in mind that with prompt diagnosis and proper treatment, children with rickets can achieve normal growth, strong bones, and healthy development. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Suskind DL. Nutritional deficiencies during normal growth. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009 Oct;56(5):1035-53. Available from:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19931062/ 

2. Khadilkar A, Kajale N, Oza C, Oke R, Gondhalekar K, Patwardhan V, et al. Vitamin D status and determinants in Indian children and adolescents: a multicentre study. Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 6;12(1):16790. Available from:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36202910/ 

3. Dahash BA, Sankararaman S. Rickets. Treasure Island [Internet].StatPearls Publishing; [cited 2025 Oct 27]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562285/ 

4. Sahay M, Sahay R. Rickets-vitamin D deficiency and dependency. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Mar;16(2):164-76. Available from:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3313732/ 

5. MedlinePlus. Rickets [Internet]. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2025 Oct 27]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000344.htm 

6. National Health Service. Rickets and osteomalacia [Internet]. NHS; [cited 2025 Oct 27]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/rickets-and-osteomalacia/ 

7. Biasucci G, Donini V, Cannalire G. Rickets Types and Treatment with Vitamin D and Analogues. Nutrients. 2024 Jan 31;16(3):416. Available from:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10857029/ 

8. Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health. Vitamin D – Health Professional Fact Sheet [Internet]. NIH; [cited 2025 Oct 27]. Available from: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/ 

9. Lerch C, Meissner T. Interventions for the prevention of nutritional rickets in term born children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Oct 17;2007(4):CD006164. Available from:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8990776/ 

10. Makishima M. [Rickets/Osteomalacia. The function and mechanism of vitamin D action.]. Clin Calcium. 2018;28(10):1319-1326. Japanese. Available from:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30269113/ 

11. Vagha K, Jameel PZ, Vagha J, Varma A, Murhekar S, Reddy P, Madirala S. Not all the bowlegs is rickets! (a case report). Pan Afr Med J. 2022 Jun 29;42:161. Available from:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9482215/ 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

Introduction

It is natural for parents to feel anxious when their baby passes frequent watery stools. However, loose motion (diarrhoea) is quite common in infants and young children and, in most cases, is not a cause for serious concern. It often occurs due to mild infections or dietary changes¹. Note that with the right care, most babies recover quickly at home. 

In this blog, we will discuss the common causes of loose motion in babies, symptoms to watch for, safe and effective baby loose motion home remedies, diet tips to help your baby recover faster, and when it is important to consult a doctor. 

Normal Stool Patterns in Babies

The normal stool pattern (its volume, frequency, and consistency) varies depending on a child’s age, weight, and diet. For example²:

• Young infants may have up to 3 to 12 stools per day, especially those who are breastfed, as breast milk promotes more frequent bowel movements. 
• Older infants, toddlers, and children typically have one to two bowel movements per day. 

Important: Consistency and colour also matter. While it is normal for young babies (especially breastfed ones) to have soft, sometimes yellow, green, or brown stools with a “seedy” appearance, watery, runny, blood or mucus-filled stools represent a significant change that should be monitored and consulted with a doctor. 

What is Loose Motion in Babies?

Loose motion, or diarrhoea, refers to the passage of loose or watery stools more frequently than usual. Remember, baby loose motion is not a disease in itself but a symptom of various underlying conditions².

Diarrhoea is often defined as²:

• In infants: An increase in stool frequency to twice the usual number per day, or noticeably looser, watery stools. 
• In older children: Three or more loose or watery stools per day. 

Note: Although most cases of baby loose motion resolve on their own, it can sometimes lead to dehydration causing loss of water and essential electrolytes (like sodium, potassium, and chloride). This imbalance can be serious if not managed promptly, so understanding the signs and providing timely care is crucial².

Common Causes of Loose Motion

Most babies experience loose motions at some point, and while it is often mild, parents should know what is causing it: 

• Viral Infections (Most Common Cause): Viral infections are the leading cause of loose motions in infants and children and can occur year-round.  
• Bacterial Infections: Bacterial diarrhoea often occurs in areas with unsafe drinking water or poor sanitation.  
• Parasitic Infections: Parasitic infections are less common but could lead to prolonged diarrhoea lasting weeks or months. 
• Antibiotic-Associated Loose Motions: Some babies may develop diarrhoea as a side effect of antibiotics (either from medicines given directly to them or taken by the breastfeeding mother). This happens because antibiotics disrupt the natural balance of gut bacteria.  
• Dietary Changes: Changes in diet, either in the baby’s formula or the mother’s diet (if breastfeeding), can temporarily upset the baby’s digestive system. Similarly, introducing new foods during weaning or switching milk types may cause mild diarrhoea as the baby’s gut adjusts².
• Urinary tract infections: Diarrhoea can also be a symptom of urinary infections in small children. It occurs due to the systemic effect of infection causing gastroenteritis. If loose motions occur along with other vague symptoms, a urine analysis should be done to rule out UTI³.
• Food Allergies and Intolerances: Some babies may have allergic reactions or intolerances to certain foods or ingredients. Common triggers include cow’s milk protein, soy, lactose (milk sugar), and occasionally gluten. These reactions may lead to loose motions, bloating, gas, or fussiness after feeding. Persistent symptoms may indicate lactose intolerance or cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA), which requires medical evaluation and dietary adjustments⁴.
• Rare Medical Conditions: Occasionally, persistent diarrhoea may indicate an underlying medical condition such as cystic fibrosis, lactose intolerance, digestive enzyme deficiencies or malabsorption syndromes. These require medical evaluation, especially if loose motions last for weeks or recur frequently^2,4.

Note: Viral, bacterial, and parasitic diarrhoeas are all highly contagious. Infections spread mainly through the stool-hand-mouth route, especially during diaper changes or poor hand hygiene². Thus, it is important to maintain good hygiene as it helps prevent the spread within the household or daycare. 

Signs and Symptoms

In babies, it can be tricky to tell what is normal since newborn stools are naturally soft and frequent, sometimes occurring after every feeding². However, your baby may have diarrhoea if you notice⁴:

• Sudden increase in stool frequency 
• Watery, loose, or mucus-filled stools 
• Change in stool appearance or smell (may be foul or greasy) 
• Abdominal pain, distension, colic, or cramping 
• Loss of appetite 
• Nausea or vomiting 
• Fever or chills (common in infections) 
• Excessive crying and irritability. 

Side Effects of Loose Motion in Babies

Dehydration is one of the most serious complications of diarrhoea in infants and young children, especially those under 3 years old. 

Parents should watch for these warning signs^2,4:

• Increased thirst 
• Fewer wet diapers than usual (no urination for 3 hours or more) 
• Dry mouth or cracked lips 
• No tears when crying 
• Sunken eyes, cheeks, or fontanelle (soft spot on the head) 
• Dry skin that does not spring back after being pinched 
• Extreme tiredness, irritability, or lethargy 

Prolonged baby loose motion can even interfere with nutrient absorption, leading to malabsorption. Common symptoms include⁴:

• Bloating and excessive gas 
• Loose, greasy, foul-smelling stools 
• Loss of appetite or changes in eating habits 
• Failure to gain weight or weight loss 

Home Remedies for Loose Motion in Babies

Loose motion usually gets better with simple care at home. The main goal of how to stop loose motion for babies is to keep your baby hydrated, nourished, and comfortable while their tummy recovers. Below are some safe and gentle baby loose motion home remedies: 

1. Keep Your Baby Well Hydrated 

• Dehydration is the biggest concern during loose motions. Thus, offer fluids frequently. 
• Continue breastfeeding as often as possible. For formula-fed babies, continue regular formula unless advised otherwise by your doctor. 
• You can also offer ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) in small, frequent sips, after confirming the appropriate amount with your doctor based on your baby’s age. 
• Avoid giving fruit juices (especially sweetened), coffee, or soft drinks, as these can worsen diarrhoea or cause further dehydration⁵.

2. Use ORS as the Main Rehydration Solution 

• Use WHO/UNICEF-recommended ORS to replace lost salts and water. 
• Prepare it with clean, boiled, and cooled water as directed on the packet⁶. 
• The amount of ORS needed depends on your child’s body weight and severity of dehydration.  
• Offer the solution slowly. Give one teaspoon (5 mL) every one to two minutes using a spoon or oral syringe, or as much as your child can comfortably tolerate².

3. Feed Light, Easily Digestible Foods (for 6 months and older) 

• If your baby accepts solids, give soft, bland, low-fat foods such as^1,7:
• Mashed banana or papaya 
• Rice porridge or khichdi 
• Boiled potatoes 
• Plain yoghurt or curd 
• Stewed apple or apple puree 
• Avoid spicy, sugary, oily, or high-fibre foods. 

4. Continue Breastfeeding Throughout 

• Breast milk not only hydrates but also boosts your baby’s immune system. 
• It helps the gut recover faster and reduces the risk of severe dehydration. 
• Feed on demand, even small, frequent feeds help⁵.

5. Give Zinc Supplementation (as Advised by the Doctor) 

• Zinc might help in repairing of gut epithelium and reducing fluid and electrolyte loss. It aids in lowering the duration and recurrence of diarrhoea. 
• Typical dose: 10 mg for infants under 6 months, 20 mg for older babies, only as prescribed by your doctor. 
• It can be mixed with breast milk, ORS, or water⁵.

6. Avoid Unnecessary Medicines 

• Do not give antibiotics or anti-diarrheal medicines unless prescribed by a doctor^1,2.
• These can cause side effects or worsen the condition. 
• Most diarrhoea cases are viral and resolve naturally with hydration and feeding⁷.

Diet During Loose Motions

Proper feeding during loose motions is important to help your baby recover faster and prevent weakness or malnutrition. If you are wondering how to control loose motion in babies, you should continue to feed your child as recommended for their age (even if they are sick) and ensure they get enough fluids along with nutritious, easily digestible foods⁵.

Additional Tips 

• Continue breastfeeding and feeding in recommended amounts even if the child is ill. 
• For 6 to 11-month-olds, sit the baby on your lap and feed gently. 
• Help older children finish their meals⁵. 

Precautions to Take

When your baby has loose motions, taking a few simple precautions can help prevent the condition from worsening and reduce the risk of dehydration or infection: 

• Maintain good hand hygiene before feeding and after diaper changes^1,8.
• Avoid giving raw fruits/vegetables or street food⁵.
• Keep Utensils and bottles properly cleaned and dried^5,8.
• Let the child rest adequately but continue normal feeding⁵.
• Prepare formula and foods only with safe, clean water to avoid infections^2,5.
• Do not dilute your baby’s formula or cow milk. Always prepare it at the regular recommended strength⁷.
• Do not forget to change diapers often and apply a gentle barrier cream to prevent rashes¹. Do not use powders. 
• Keep track of urine output and watch for signs of dehydration (dry mouth, sunken eyes, lethargy)⁶.

Prevention Tips for Future

Preventing baby loose motion largely depends on maintaining good hygiene, safe feeding practices, and ensuring your child consumes clean, age-appropriate food and water. 

• Ensure safe weaning practices: Introduce solid foods gradually and avoid giving undercooked or spicy items⁵.
• Check food freshness: Always use freshly cooked meals and store leftovers properly to prevent contamination. 
• Encourage breastfeeding: Continue breastfeeding, as it supports immunity and protects against infections⁵.
• Stay updated on vaccines: Make sure your baby’s rotavirus, typhoid and other recommended vaccines are up to date².

Also Read: Vomiting in Kids: Causes, Home Remedies & Treatment Options

When to See a Doctor?

You should contact your child’s doctor right away if you notice any of the following^1,9:

• Diarrhoea in an infant younger than 3months 
• Black, bloody, or mucus-filled stools 
• Frequent or forceful vomiting 
• Fever above 38°C (100.4°F) 
• Any abnormal movements 
• Lethargy or irritability 
• Signs of dehydration (such as dry mouth, no tears while crying, no wet diapers for 6 hours or more, sunken eyes or soft spot, dry skin, or unusual sleepiness) 

If your baby’s loose motion lasts more than 2 to 3 days without improvement, seek help as soon as possible¹.

Also Read: Rickets in Children: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

Conclusion

Loose motions in babies and young children are common but should never be ignored, especially if they persist or are accompanied by signs of dehydration or weakness.  

Most cases are mild and can be safely managed at home with proper hydration, gentle foods, and good hygiene. However, prompt medical attention is essential if symptoms worsen or the child is very young. Remember, with timely care, safe feeding practices, and preventive hygiene, most children recover quickly and stay healthy. 

Also Read: Caring for a Baby with Blocked Nose: Simple Tips for Parents 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. MedlinePlus. Diarrhea in infants. [Internet]. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2025 Oct 31]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000691.htm 

2. O’Ryan MG, Levy J, Misra SM, Li BK, Blake D.Patient education: Acute diarrhea in children (Beyond the Basics). [Internet]. UpToDate; [cited 2025 Oct 31]. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-diarrhea-in-children-beyond-the-basics/print 

3. Singraiah A, Hegde P. Urinary tract infection in children presenting with diarrhea. Int J Contemp Pediatr [Internet]. 2021 Jun. 24 [cited 2025 Nov. 11];8(7):1172-5. Available from: https://www.ijpediatrics.com/index.php/ijcp/article/view/4331  

4. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Chronic Diarrhea in Children – Symptoms & Causes. [Internet]. NIDDK; [cited 2025 Oct 31]. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/chronic-diarrhea-children/symptoms-causes 

5. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. Intensified Diarrhoea Control Fortnight (IDCF) Tool Kit. [Internet]. 2019 Apr 3 [cited 2025 Oct 31]. Available from: https://nhm.gov.in/images/pdf/IDCF/Important_Document/IDCF_Tool_Kit.pdf 

6. Bhattacharya SK. Therapeutic methods for diarrhea in children. World J Gastroenterol. 2000 Aug;6(4):497-500. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4723546/ 

7. MedlinePlus. When your child has diarrhea. [Internet]. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2025 Oct 31]. Available from: https://www.medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000693.htm 

8. National Health Service. Diarrhoea and vomiting. [Internet]. NHS [cited 2025 Oct 31]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/symptoms/diarrhoea-and-vomiting/ 

9. Ministry of Health – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Children & Diarrhea – Awareness Platform. [Internet]. MOH; [cited 2025 Oct 31]. Available from: https://www.moh.gov.sa/en/awarenessplateform/VariousTopics/Pages/ChildrenDiarrhea.aspx 

10. Sood S, Sood M. Teething: myths and facts. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2010;35(1):9-13. Available from: https://oss.jocpd.com/files/article/20220727-829/pdf/JOCPD35.1.9.pdf 

11. Vandenplas Y, Hauser B, Salvatore S. Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infancy: Impact on the Health of the Infant and Family. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2019 May;22(3):207-216. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6506429/ 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

Introduction

As a parent, noticing white patches inside your baby’s mouth can be bothersome, but don’t worry! In most cases, it is just a fungal infection known as oral thrush, which is quite common and manageable¹.

Oral thrush happens when the delicate balance of microorganisms in their mouth is disrupted, allowing the Candida (yeast) to grow more than it should. The good news? With gentle care and a few safe home remedies (and medical guidance when needed), your baby’s mouth will be back to normal in no time².

In this article, we will help you understand why oral thrush in babies happens, what signs to look out for, and how to get rid of oral thrush safely at home, so you can feel calm and confident while caring for your little one. 

What is Thrush in Babies?

Oral thrush in babies is a common yeast infection that affects the tongue and the inside of the mouth. As mentioned earlier, it is caused by an overgrowth of a fungus called Candida albicans, which normally lives harmlessly in the mouth in small amounts. When the balance of microorganisms is disturbed, for example, due to antibiotic use, weakened immunity, prolonged parental nutrition or certain medications like steroids, Candida could multiply and lead to visible white patches or redness in the mouth¹. In babies, this condition is quite common because their immune systems are still developing.  

Thrush may also occur around the nipples of breastfeeding mothers, as the infection may pass back and forth between the baby’s mouth (oral thrush) and the mother’s nipples (nipple thrush)³.

Causes of Thrush

Common oral thrust causes include: 

• Immature immune system: Babies are still building their immunity, so it is easier for yeast to grow out of balance³. 
• Premature or Low birth weight babies: Oral thrush is more common in these babies or other who require long NICU (neonatal intensive care unit) stay because of prolonged parenteral nutrition⁴.  
• Higher risk in early infancy: Thrush is most common around the 4th week of life and becomes less frequent as the baby’s immune system matures (after around 6 months)¹.
• After antibiotic use: Antibiotics (taken by either the baby or the breastfeeding mother) can kill helpful bacteria that usually keep yeast under control^1,3.
• Warm, moist environment: The inside of a baby’s mouth (and even a mother’s nipples during breastfeeding) provides the perfect conditions for yeast to thrive³.
• Transmission during birth or breastfeeding: Candida may pass from mother to baby through the birth canal or from baby to mother during nursing¹.

Note: The same yeast that causes oral thrush in babies may also lead to a diaper rash (causing diaper thrush) if it spreads through the baby’s stool. 

Signs and Symptoms of Thrush

Oral thrush in babies can manifest in various ways. Some babies may be fussy or have trouble feeding, while others may not seem bothered at all. Here is what to look out for: 

In Babies (oral thrush)

• Fussiness or irritability, especially during feeding³
• Excessive salivation 
• Refusing to nurse or feed due to mouth pain³ 
• White or grey coating on the tongue that (looks like cottage cheese) does not wipe off easily (unlike milk residue) and may sometimes bleed² 
• White or red patches inside the cheeks, on the gums, or on the roof of the mouth¹ 
• Redness/soreness in the mouth, which can make feeding uncomfortable⁵ 
• Possible diaper rash, since yeast can also grow in the diaper area¹ 

In Breastfeeding Mothers (nipple thrush):

• Sore, cracked, or bright pink nipples³
• Pain or burning sensation during or after breastfeeding³ 
• Tenderness that does not improve with regular nipple care³ 
• Itching on nipples³ 

While oral thrush in babies can look concerning, it is usually mild and treatable. Therefore, recognising these early signs can help ensure quick, gentle care for both mother and baby. 

How Thrush is Diagnosed?

In most cases, your doctor can diagnose oral thrush just by looking at your baby’s mouth and tongue³. If they suspect oral thrush, they may gently take a small sample of the white coating using a sterile cotton swab and send it to a laboratory for testing and confirmation².

In cases when the infection does not improve with treatment or seems unusual, your doctor may suggest further evaluation to rule out other oral thrush causes. In more complex cases (especially in older children or adults), tests done include¹: 

• Microscopic examination using a potassium hydroxide (KOH) stain to detect yeast cells 
• Fungal culture using Sabouraud dextrose agar to confirm Candida growth 
• Special culture media (like Chromagar Candida) to identify the exact type of Candida 
• Advanced tests (such as ELISA, PCR or NGS) if a deeper, systemic infection is suspected 

For babies, though, thrush is typically a simple, visible diagnosis, and with the right care, it clears up quickly. 

Complications of Thrush

Oral thrush usually does not cause any serious health problems, especially in healthy babies. However, if left unaddressed or if the immune system is weak, it may sometimes lead to further issues such as²:

• Feeding difficulties: The soreness in the mouth can make it hard for babies to suck or feed comfortably, leading to fussiness and reduced feeding. 
• Weight loss or poor growth: If feeding becomes painful, babies may take in less milk, which can affect weight gain over time. 
• Persistent infection: Without treatment, thrush can last for weeks or even months and may keep coming back. 
• Spread of infection: In rare cases, the Candida fungus may spread from the mouth to the throat or food pipe (oesophagus), causing discomfort and difficulty in swallowing and breathing. 
• Serious complications (very rare): In babies or individuals with severely weakened immune systems, the fungus may spread deeper into the body and enter the bloodstream, leading to systemic infection or sepsis (a serious but uncommon condition). 

Treatment and Management of Thrush

Oral thrush is usually mild and clears up quickly with the right care.  

Oral thrush baby treatment focuses on easing your baby’s discomfort, stopping the infection from spreading, and preventing it from coming back. Both the baby and mother should be treated at the same time, even if only one shows symptoms. This will help avoid re-infection during breastfeeding^1,3.

If you are wondering how to get rid of oral thrush, let us see the common available options: 

1. Antifungal Treatment 

• The most effective medicine for babies is an antifungal oral gel, applied gently inside the mouth four times a day after feeds¹.
• For babies under 4 months, it should be used with extra care. It should be applied in tiny amounts on the inside of the cheeks and tongue with a clean fingertip (never at the back of the throat to avoid choking)⁶.
• Treatment usually lasts 7 to 14 days and should continue for a few days even after symptoms clear⁶.

2. Treatment for Breastfeeding Mothers

• Mothers may also need treatment to stop the yeast from passing back and forth⁶:
• A topical antifungal cream is applied to the nipples after every feed for 14 days (wipe off any visible cream before the next feed). 
• If nipples are red and inflamed, a combination cream may be prescribed. 
• If there is deep breast or shooting pain after feeds (known as ductal thrush), your doctor may recommend oral antifungal medication. 

3. Oral Thrush Home Remedies

Continue breastfeeding, as it is safe and helps maintain bonding and nutrition. In addition to this, try out these simple measures to ease the condition at home: 

• Maintain oral hygiene (Wipe baby’s gum pads with a sterile gauze piece and start brushing teeth after 6 months). 
• Sterilise bottles, pacifiers, and breast pump parts daily to prevent reinfection^3,6.
• Wash hands often and keep nipples clean and dry after each feed^3,6.
• Use pain relief (as advised by your doctor) if needed⁷.

If symptoms do not improve within a week or if pain worsens, speak to your doctor or a breastfeeding specialist. Remember, with the right care, both you and your baby will feel better soon. 

Prevention of Thrush

While it may not always be possible to completely prevent oral thrush, certain hygiene and care measures can reduce the risk of infection and recurrence: 

• Sterilise feeding items: Clean and sterilise bottles, nipples, and other feeding equipment after each use⁷.
• Keep pacifiers clean: Regularly sterilise pacifiers and any toys your baby puts in their mouth^3,7. 
• Maintain hand hygiene: Wash your hands thoroughly before and after feeding or changing your baby’s diaper to prevent the spread of yeast⁷.
• Wash Related Items: If you are breastfeeding, wash towels, bras, and cloth nursing pads in hot, soapy water, rinse them thoroughly, and let them air-dry outdoors. 
• Avoid unnecessary antibiotics: Use antibiotics only when prescribed, as they can disrupt normal bacterial balance and promote yeast growth⁵.
• Oral care: Gently wipe your baby’s gums and tongue with a clean, damp cloth after feeding to reduce milk residue and yeast buildup⁵. Properly wash mouth after taking any medicines, especially those taken for asthma.  
• Nipple care: If you are breastfeeding and have a yeast infection on your nipples, get treated promptly to prevent passing the infection back and forth between you and your baby³.

Also Read: Baby Loose Motion: Causes, Home Remedies, and Effective Ways to Stop It Fast 

When to See a Doctor?

You should contact your doctor or paediatrician if^6,8:

• Your baby has white patches in the mouth that do not wipe away easily, and bleed  
• The white patches are increasing in size 
• Your baby is fussy, irritable, and has trouble swallowing due to pain 
• You notice redness, cracking, or soreness around your nipples while breastfeeding. 
• The thrush does not improve within a few days of oral thrush home remedies or keeps coming back. 

It is especially important to seek medical advice if your baby is less than 6 months old, premature, or has a weakened immune system, as infections can spread more easily in these cases. 

Also Read: 11 Signs of Type 1 Diabetes in Children You Must Not Ignore

Conclusion

Oral thrush is a common fungal infection in babies, usually caused by Candida albicans. While it is rarely serious, it can cause discomfort, feeding difficulties, and irritation for both the baby and the breastfeeding mother. Thus, prompt recognition and appropriate oral thrush baby treatment with antifungal medication, along with good hygiene and sterilisation practices, can help clear the infection effectively.  

To prevent thrush, follow steps such as cleaning feeding equipment, pacifiers, and maintaining oral hygiene. This can help reduce the risk of recurrence. Remember, with timely care and attention, most cases of oral thrush resolve quickly without complications. 

Also Read: Rickets in Children: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Taylor M, Brizuela M, Raja A. Oral Candidiasis. Treasure Island [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; [cited 2025 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545282/ 

2. InformedHealth.org. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care [Internet]. IQWiG; [updated 2022 Dec 13; cited 2025 Oct 30]. Overview: Oral thrush. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK367586/ 

3. MedlinePlus. Thrush in newborns [Internet]. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2025 Oct 30]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007615.htm 

4. Tinoco-Araujo JE, Araújo DF, Barbosa PG, Santos PS, Medeiros AM. Invasive candidiasis and oral manifestations in premature newborns. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2013;11(1):71-75. Available from:  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4872971/  

5. National Health Service. Oral thrush (mouth thrush) [Internet]. NHS; [cited 2025 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/oral-thrush-mouth-thrush/ 

6. Derbyshire Joint Area Prescribing Committee (JAPC). Prescribing for oral thrush in babies and prescribing for surface and ductal thrush in lactating women [Internet]. Derbyshire Joint Area Prescribing Committee; [reviewed May 2023; next review April 2026]. Available from: https://www.derbyshiremedicinesmanagement.nhs.uk/assets/Clinical_Guidelines/Formulary_by_BNF_chapter_prescribing_guidelines/BNF_chapter_5/Oral_Thrush_In_Babies.pdf 

7. nidirect. Oral thrush in babies [Internet]. Northern Ireland Government; [cited 2025 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/oral-thrush-babies 

8. MedlinePlus. Thrush – children and adults [Internet]. U.S. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2025 Oct 30]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000626.htm 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

1

Introduction 

If your little one cries for hours despite being fed, changed, and cuddled, you are not alone. Many parents experience this in the first few months of their baby’s life. It can be confusing and exhausting, especially when nothing seems to calm your baby down. The good news is that this phase is temporary and usually resolves on its own¹.

In this blog, we will help you understand what colic is in babies, what signs to look out for, what might cause it, and the simple ways you can comfort your baby and care for yourself during this period. 

What is Colic in Babies?

Colic is a common, yet puzzling condition seen in healthy babies during their first few months. It’s defined as repeated episodes of intense, inconsolable crying that lasts more than 3 hours a day, occurs on more than 3 days a week, and continues for at least 3 weeks².

Colic usually begins when a baby is about 2 to 3 weeks old, peaks around 6 weeks, and gradually settles by about 3 to 4 months of age³.

It is very important to understand that this is not caused by poor parenting or any serious illness. In fact, colic affects up to 3 to 28% babies worldwide, regardless of whether they’re breastfed or formula-fed³.

Signs and Symptoms of Colic

A baby with colic may^1,3:

• Cry suddenly, intensely, and for no clear reason (often in the late afternoon or evening) 
• Have a high-pitched cry and look flushed or tense 
• Curl up their legs, clench fists, and tighten their tummy muscles during crying spells 
• Commonly present with abdominal distension during a colic episode 
• Sometimes pass gas or have a bowel movement near the end of the episode 

These episodes can last anywhere from a few minutes to several hours, and during these, your baby may be hard to soothe despite your best efforts. 

What Causes Colic in Babies?

The exact cause of colic is not fully understood, which is what makes it so confusing for parents. However, an important thing to understand is that it is not your fault, and in most cases, it is not a sign of any serious illness. It is usually triggered by a combination of factors involving the baby’s digestion, development, and environment. 

Here are some of the possible reasons your baby may have colic⁴:

• Tummy Troubles (Gastrointestinal Factors): Many babies with colic seem to have tummy discomfort. Some possible digestive factors include: 
  • Gas or bloating: Some babies may swallow air while crying or feeding, leading to gas buildup and discomfort. 
  • Sensitivity to milk proteins: In rare cases, babies may react to proteins found in cow’s milk or even to certain foods in a breastfeeding mother’s diet (like dairy, onion, or broccoli). 
  • Lactose intolerance: Some infants may temporarily have trouble digesting lactose, the sugar in milk, leading to gas and fussiness. 

• Feeding-Related Issues: Feeding techniques might sometimes exacerbate colic. Overfeeding, underfeeding, feeding too quickly or an imbalance between foremilk and hindmilk ingestion, may all contribute to stomach discomfort and colic. 
• Hormonal Factors: Certain hormones in the baby’s gut, such as motilin and serotonin, may affect digestion and gut movement. Higher levels of these hormones could sometimes make a baby’s tummy more active and sensitive, leading to colicky behaviour. 
• Normal Brain and Emotional Development: Colic may simply be part of normal baby development. As newborns are still adjusting to life outside the womb, lights, sounds, hunger, and tiredness can all be overwhelming.  

• Family or Emotional Factors: Babies are sensitive to the world around them. Family stress, parental anxiety, or postpartum depression can sometimes contribute to longer crying spells in babies, though they don’t cause colic directly. 

Remember: Colic does not mean you are doing something wrong as a parent. It is a common, temporary phase, and with support and patience, it passes. 

Risk Factors for Colic

While colic can happen to any baby, certain factors may make it more likely. Babies with the following characteristics had a higher chance of developing colic^1,3,5:

• Younger age (under 5 months): Colic almost always appears in babies between 2 weeks and 4 months of age and typically improves by 3 to 4 months. It is very uncommon after 5 months. 
• Feeding with cow’s milk–based formula: Some babies may be sensitive to cow’s milk proteins, which might contribute to gas or discomfort.  
• Preterm birth: Babies born before full term are more likely to have colic. 
• Low birth weight: Smaller babies might be more prone to newborn colic symptoms. 
• Firstborn status: Colic may be more common in firstborn babies, possibly due to parental stress or feeding adjustments. 
• Maternal atopy (allergies): Babies born to mothers with allergic conditions such as asthma, eczema, or hay fever could have a higher risk. 
• Persistent nausea during pregnancy: Mothers who experience ongoing nausea might be more likely to have babies with colic. 
• Postpartum depression: High levels of maternal depressive symptoms after delivery are sometimes strongly associated with infant colic. 
• Others: Factors such as maternal anxiety and habits like smoking may indirectly contribute to colic. Poor feeding techniques may also increase the risk. 

Diagnosing Colic

Colic is a clinical diagnosis based on a detailed history and physical exam to rule out other causes of excessive crying. The doctor reviews the infant’s feeding, stooling, sleeping patterns, and growth chart, and observes crying behaviour if possible. 

Typical colic presents as sudden, high-pitched crying with abdominal discomfort, but the baby otherwise appears healthy and gains weight normally. 

Abnormal findings suggesting other causes include a bulging fontanelle, thrush, otitis media, hernia, testicular torsion, blood in stools, diaper rash or signs of obstruction, infection, or injury. 

The Rome IV criteria define colic as³:

• Onset and resolution before 5 months of age 
• Recurrent, prolonged crying or irritability without an identifiable cause 
• No fever, poor weight gain, or illness 

If the exam is normal, no lab tests or imaging are needed. Additional evaluation is done only if symptoms suggest sepsis, reflux, cow’s milk allergy, or other medical conditions. 

Complications of Colic

Although infantile colic is self-limiting, it can have several emotional and behavioural consequences for both infants and caregivers. Here are some possible effects of colic^3,6,7:

• Distressing: Although self-limiting, colic can be highly stressful for caregivers. 
• Overfeeding: Not knowing the exact reason for crying spells can lead to frequent and unnecessary feeding. 
• Sleep deprivation: Lack of sleep in parents can lead to stress and loss of efficiency. 
• Parent–infant bonding issues: Persistent crying may strain the emotional bond and lead to early breastfeeding cessation. 
• Behavioural associations: Children with infantile colic may later develop preschool adaptive difficulties and behavioural problems. 
• Long-term risk: Infants with colic may have a higher likelihood of developing migraine by adolescence. 
• Severe consequence: Heightened risk of shaken baby syndrome (excessive violent shaking leading to brain damage) due to caregiver frustration and attempts to stop excessive crying⁸. 

Infantile Colic Treatment and Management Options

Infantile colic usually resolves on its own, but various comforting and feeding strategies could help soothe the baby and support caregivers during this stressful period. While no single remedy works for every infant, caregivers may try different infantile colic treatment approaches to see what helps. 

1. Comforting Techniques 

• Put baby in prone position. 
• Hold or cuddle your baby frequently to provide reassurance. 
• Rock your baby gently in your arms, a crib, or a stroller. 
• Swaddle your baby snugly in a soft blanket. 
• Sing or talk softly to your baby. 
• Use white noise (fan, vacuum, or soft music) to create a calming background. 
• Take your baby for a car ride or a gentle walk in a stroller. 
• Offer a pacifier for sucking comfort. 
• Place a warm towel on your baby’s abdomen for relief^1,9. 

2. Feeding and Positioning Tips 

• Keep your baby upright during and after feeds to reduce air swallowing. 
• Burp your baby frequently during and after feeding. 
• If breastfeeding, allow the baby to finish one breast before switching to ensure intake of hind milk, which is more soothing and satisfying. 
• For babies who overfeed or seem uncomfortable, offer one breast over a 2-to-3-hour period. 
• Avoid overfeeding or fast bottle feeding; feeding sessions should last around 20 minutes^1,3. 

3. Formula and Dietary Adjustments 

• Some infants may be sensitive to cow’s milk protein. A trial of hypoallergenic or hydrolysed formula after consulting your doctor may help in such cases³. 
• If breastfeeding, mothers may try eliminating dairy, caffeine, or chocolate for a few weeks. 
• Lactase enzyme drops before feeding may help if lactose intolerance is suspected. 

4. Caregiver Support 

• Take breaks, place the baby safely in a crib, and step away briefly if overwhelmed¹. 
• Seek guidance from a health visitor, paediatrician, or lactation consultant. 

Remember: Colic does not indicate illness and usually resolves by 3 to 4 months of age^1,3. 

Prevention Strategies

While colic cannot always be prevented, certain feeding practices and lifestyle adjustments might help reduce its occurrence or severity^1,3: 

• Ensure proper feeding technique: Keep the baby upright during feeding and burp often to minimise air swallowing. 
• Avoid overfeeding: Feed on demand and at a calm, steady pace. 
• Use appropriate bottle nipples: Choose a slow-flow nipple to prevent fast feeding and air intake. 
• Maintain a calm environment: Avoid overstimulation by dimming lights, reducing noise, and maintaining a soothing routine. 
• Monitor maternal diet (if breastfeeding): Limit caffeine, dairy, nuts, and gas-producing foods if colic symptoms appear. 
• Avoid certain medications: Consult a doctor about drugs that may pass into breast milk. 
• Identify formula sensitivities: If formula-fed, discuss switching to hypoallergenic or lactose-free formula with your doctor. 
• Encourage bonding and responsiveness: Holding and responding promptly to your baby’s cues may reduce fussiness. 
• Educate and support caregivers: Providing reassurance and practical coping strategies can prevent frustration and reduce stress. 

With time, patience, and proper support, colic typically resolves spontaneously by 4 to 5 months, leaving no lasting effects on the child’s health or development. 

Also Read: Baby Loose Motion: Causes, Home Remedies, and Effective Ways to Stop It Fast 

When to See a Doctor?

You should contact your doctor if^1,10:

• Colic does not improve with comfort measures. 
• Your baby’s crying pattern changes suddenly. 
• Colic continues beyond 3 months. 
• Your baby shows signs of another condition, such as eczema, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), weight loss or inadequate weight gain. 
• You are finding it difficult to cope. 

Further, seek immediate medical attention if your baby¹⁰:

• Has a weak, high-pitched, or continuous cry. 
• Appears floppy or unusually drowsy. 
• Refuses feeds or vomits green fluid. 
• Passes blood in stool or has persistent diarrhoea. 
• Has a fever ≥38°C (under 3 months) or ≥39°C (3 to 6 months). 
• Develops a bulging soft spot (fontanelle) on the head. 
• Has a seizure or turns pale, blue, or blotchy. 
• Shows difficulty breathing (fast, noisy, or grunting). 

Note: If you feel overwhelmed or unable to cope, seek support right away. Remember, help is available for both you and your baby. 

Also Read: 11 Signs of Type 1 Diabetes in Children You Must Not Ignore

Conclusion

Infantile colic is a common, benign (not harmful), and self-limiting condition, yet it can cause significant distress for both infants and caregivers. While its exact cause remains unclear, factors such as feeding patterns, gut microbiota, and parental stress may contribute. Thus, early recognition, reassurance, and supportive care are key to management.  

In most cases, newborn colic symptoms resolve by 3 to 4 months of age without long-term effects. However, persistent or severe crying should prompt medical evaluation to exclude underlying illness. Keep in mind that providing emotional support to caregivers is equally important to ensure the well-being of both the baby and the family. 

Also Read: Why Your Baby Isn’t Sleeping and How to Help Them Sleep Through the Night

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. MedlinePlus. Colic and crying in babies: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2025 Oct 29]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000753.htm 

2. Kheir AE. Infantile colic, facts and fiction. Ital J Pediatr. 2012 Jul 23;38:34. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3411470/ 

3. Banks JB, Rouster AS, Chee J. Infantile Colic. Treasure Island; [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; [cited 2023 Oct 29]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518962/ 

4. Mai T, Fatheree NY, Gleason W, Liu Y, Rhoads JM. Infantile Colic: New Insights into an Old Problem. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2018 Dec;47(4):829-844. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6659398/ 

5. Switkowski KM, Oken E, Simonin EM, Nadeau KC, Rifas-Shiman SL, Lightdale JR. Early-life risk factors for both infant colic and excessive crying without colic. Pediatr Res. 2025 Apr;97(5):1537-1545. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39242932/ 

6. Zeevenhooven J, de Bruin FE, Schappin R, Vlieger AM, van der Lee JH, et al. Follow-up of infants with colic into childhood: Do they develop behavioural problems? J Paediatr Child Health. 2022 Nov;58(11):2076-2083. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9804625/ 

7. Sillanpää M, Saarinen M. Infantile colic associated with childhood migraine: A prospective cohort study. Cephalalgia. 2015 Dec;35(14):1246-51. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25754178/ 

8. Barr RG. Preventing abusive head trauma resulting from a failure of normal interaction between infants and their caregivers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct 16;109 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):17294-301. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23045677/ 

9. National Health Service. Colic [Internet]. NHS; 26 April 2022 [cited 2025 Oct 29]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/colic/ 

10. Northern Ireland Executive. Infantile colic (baby colic) [Internet]. NIDirect; [cited 2025 Oct 29]. Available from: https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/infantile-colic-baby-colic 

11. Emami F, Kamrani K, Khosroshahi N. Association between maternal migraine and infantile colic: a narrative review. BMC Pediatr. 2025 Aug 4;25(1):591. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12320377/ 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

Introduction

Sometimes your little one’s sleep pattern may seem unpredictable. Despite the late-night rocking and the endless lullabies, your baby just wouldn’t sleep through the night, leaving you stressed and exhausted. You know this is temporary, and you’re living with the hope that soon your child would finally sleep long enough, but the current phase seems endless!  

Well, research shows that sleep patterns in infants and young children vary widely across ages, with newborns sleeping in short stretches and older babies gradually settling into longer, more consolidated sleep¹. For instance,  infants typically sleep about 12 to 16 hours a day, while toddlers average around 11 to 14 hours, but how and when those hours happen can differ greatly from one child to another².

In this article, we will try to answer some common questions related to this topic like why my baby is not sleeping deeply and how to make my baby sleep better. We will also explain how you can recognise early signs before overtiredness sets in, and share some simple, comforting strategies that can help your little one sleep comfortably for longer periods. 

Understanding Your Baby’s Sleep Needs

Sleep is one of the most essential functions of life, especially during infancy, when rapid growth and brain development are taking place. From the time a baby is born, sleep plays a vital role in supporting healthy physical, emotional, and cognitive development³.

Newborns and young infants spend much of their day sleeping, though their sleep is often fragmented and occurs in short cycles⁴. In the early weeks of life, babies do not yet have an established circadian rhythm, meaning they are not able to differentiate much between day and night. However, by around 10 to 12 weeks of age, the first signs of a regular sleep–wake cycle begin to appear, and many babies gradually start sleeping for longer stretches at night³. 

Experts like the National Sleep Foundation (NSF) recommend the following sleep durations as general guidelines⁵:

• Newborn baby sleeping time (0 to 3 months): 14 to 17 hours per day 
• Infants sleeping time (4 to 11 months): 12 to 15 hours per day 
• Toddlers’sleeping time (1 to 2 years): 11 to 14 hours per day 
• Preschoolers’sleeping time (3 to 5 years): 10 to 13 hours per day 

Ultimately, your baby’s sleep needs are unique and evolve quickly during the first few years of life. Therefore, if you are wondering why my baby is not sleeping deeply, understanding these natural changes can help you respond more confidently to your baby’s cues and create gentle, effective sleep routines. 

Why Your Baby Might Not Be Sleeping Well?

Sleep disturbances are a normal part of infancy, and every baby’s sleep pattern is different. Some babies sleep for long stretches, while others wake frequently during the night, and both can be completely normal.  

Here are some of the most common reasons: 

• Hunger or Growth Spurts: In the first few months, babies need to feed often, including at night. During growth spurts (when your child rapidly increases in height and weight), babies may wake more frequently to feed as their bodies demand extra energy⁶. 
• Discomfort: A wet diaper, being too hot or too cold, or even tight clothing can make it hard for your baby to settle⁷. 
• Medical Illness: Medical reasons a baby won’t sleep include issues like teething, gastric reflux, nasal obstruction, or a cough amongst others, which can cause discomfort and lead to frequent night-time waking^7,8.
• Overtiredness: Babies who stay awake for too long become overtired, making it harder for them to fall asleep or stay asleep⁷.
• Physiologic Conditions: Presence of neonatal reflex like startle reflex can make it difficult for the baby to fall asleep⁹. 
• Overstimulation: Loud noises, bright lights, or too much play before bedtime can make it difficult for your baby to wind down¹⁰.
• Changes in Environment or Routine: Travel, new surroundings, or even a change in caregivers can temporarily disrupt your baby’s sleep¹¹.
• Separation Anxiety: Many babies experience separation anxiety. They may resist sleep or cry when you leave the room because they feel distressed¹².

Note: Remember, occasional sleep struggles are part of normal development. With patience, gentle reassurance, and a consistent routine, most babies eventually learn to sleep for longer stretches as they grow. However, in some cases medical illnesses may be the cause of sleep disturbances. They need to be evaluated thoroughly and managed appropriately. 

Recognising Your Baby’s Tired Signs

Every baby has their own way of showing when they are ready for sleep. Thus, learning to spot these cues can make a big difference in helping your baby settle more easily and avoid becoming overtired. In the first few months, babies tire quickly¹³.

• Newborns (0 to 3 months): May show tired signs after being awake for just 30 minutes. 
• Babies (3 to 6 months): Often start getting tired after 1.5 to 3 hours of wakefulness. 

Common signs of tiredness include^13,14:

• Jerky or restless movements 
• Frowning or looking worried 
• Clenched fists 
• Yawning or fluttering eyelids 
• Staring into space or avoiding eye contact 
• Rubbing eyes or face 
• Sucking on fingers or hands 
• Crying  
• Arching of back 

Note: Sometimes, babies may show similar cues when they are bored (for example, staring or fussing). In those cases, a gentle change of activity or environment can help. But if your baby has been awake for a while and starts showing multiple sleepy cues, it’s best to create a calm environment and help them drift off to sleep before overtiredness sets in^13,14.

Practical Ways to Help Your Baby Sleep Better & Quicker

Every baby is different, but most can be gently guided toward better sleep with a mix of routine, comfort, and consistency. So, if you want to know how to make a baby sleep, here are some practical ways to help your little one sleep more peacefully. 

1. Maintain Regular Sleep Patterns

Establish a consistent bedtime and wake-up routine to help your baby develop healthy sleep habits and feel secure¹³.

2. Separate Feeding from Sleep

 After a feed, enjoy brief playtime (like cuddles, floor play, or a short walk) so your baby does not always fall asleep right after feeding. This helps prevent a strong feed–sleep association that can lead to frequent night wakings¹⁵.

3. Watch for Tired Cues

Yawning, rubbing eyes, or becoming fussy are early signs that it’s time to sleep. Try settling your baby before they become overtired¹⁴.

4. Encourage Short Naps 

Offer 2 to 3 naps a day, each around 1 to 2 hours. Avoid very long or late-afternoon naps, which can disrupt night-time sleep¹⁴.

5. Maintain Proper Sleeping Posture

 Always place the baby on their back on a firm, flat surface for safe sleep. Neck should be well supported while keeping baby down¹⁶.

6. Swaddle Safely

 If your baby cannot yet roll over, wrapping them snugly can provide comfort. Ensure the swaddle allows free chest and hip movement and stop swaddling once rolling begins¹³.

7. Create a Day-Night Rhythm

Keep the daytime environment bright and interactive. At night, dim lights, lower noise, and keep feeds calm and quiet to signal it’s sleep time¹⁵. 

8. Use Calming Sounds and Cues

 Soft singing, lullabies, or white noise can help some babies relax¹³.

9. Keep Bedtime Predictable

A warm bath, gentle massage, and dim lights can make bedtime calm and reassuring¹³.

10. Promote Self-Settling

While holding or rocking is comforting, gradually letting your baby fall asleep in their own space can support better sleep habits over time¹⁴.

Parenting through sleepless nights can be exhausting, and your well-being matters, too. So, don’t forget to look after yourself¹⁵:

• Rest whenever possible, even during the day. 
• Ask for support from family or friends. 

Safe Sleep Guidelines for Babies

Creating a safe sleep environment is one of the most important steps you can take to protect your baby. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) supports the 2022 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations for safe infant sleep. Here’s how you can help reduce the risk of sleep-related infant deaths, including Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)¹⁶:

• Always place your baby on their back (Supine position) for all sleep times, for both naps and nighttime. 
• Use a firm, flat sleep surface, such as a mattress in a safety-approved crib or bassinet, covered only with a fitted sheet. Avoid inclined or soft surfaces. 
• Share the room, not the bed. Keep your baby’s crib or bassinet in the same room where you sleep, ideally for at least the first 6 months. 
• Keep soft items and loose bedding out of the sleep area. Avoid blankets, pillows, crib bumpers, and soft toys, which can pose suffocation risks. 
• Avoid overheating. Dress your baby in light sleep clothing and never cover their head during sleep. Signs your baby may be too hot include sweating or a warm chest. 
• Avoid smoking, nicotine exposure, alcohol, and illegal drugs during pregnancy and after birth.  

Also Read: Rickets in Children: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

When to Seek Help for Sleep Issues?

While sleep challenges are common in babies, sometimes persistent problems may need extra attention. You should consider speaking with your paediatrician or a child sleep specialist if^13,15:

• Your baby has trouble falling or staying asleep most nights (even with a consistent routine). 
• Sleep issues are causing excessive fussiness, day-time sleepiness, poor feeding, or developmental concerns. 
• You notice sudden changes in sleep patterns not linked to growth spurts, teething, or illness. 
• You feel overwhelmed, anxious, or sleep-deprived and need guidance or support. 

Keep in mind that early intervention can make a big difference, both for your baby’s rest and your own peace of mind. A doctor can help rule out underlying medical issues, provide practical sleep strategies, and support your baby’s healthy development. 

Also Read: Oral Thrush in Babies: Why It Happens and How to Manage It Safely at Home 

Conclusion

Sleep challenges are a normal part of your baby’s growth and development. From recognising tired cues and establishing a calming bedtime routine to creating a safe, nurturing sleep environment, each small step helps your baby learn when and how to rest. Remember, there’s no one “right” way to help your baby sleep; what matters most is finding what works best for your family. Be patient with yourself and your little one as you navigate sleepless nights and ever-changing routines. Over time, consistent habits, gentle reassurance, and a safe sleep space will lead to better rest for everyone.  

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Galland BC, Taylor BJ, Elder DE, Herbison P. Normal sleep patterns in infants and children: a systematic review of observational studies. Sleep Med Rev. 2012 Jun;16(3):213-22. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21784676/ 

2. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. How Much Sleep Is Enough? [Internet]. NIH; [cited 2025 Nov 04]. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep/how-much-sleep 

3. Tham EK, Schneider N, Broekman BF. Infant sleep and its relation with cognition and growth: a narrative review. Nat Sci Sleep. 2017 May 15;9:135-149. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5440010/ 

4. De Beritto TV. Newborn Sleep: Patterns, Interventions, and Outcomes. Pediatr Ann. 2020 Feb 1;49(2):e82-e87. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32045487/ 

5. Hirshkowitz M, Whiton K, Albert SM, Alessi C, Bruni O, DonCarlos L, et al. National Sleep Foundation’s updated sleep duration recommendations: final report. Sleep Health. 2015 Dec;1(4):233-243. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29073398/ 

6. UNICEF. How often should a newborn feed? [Internet]. UNICEF; [cited 2025 Oct 28]. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/eca/stories/how-often-should-newborn-feed 

7. National Childbirth Trust. How to survive nights when your toddler keeps waking up [Internet]. NCT; [cited 2025 Oct 28]. Available from: https://www.nct.org.uk/information/baby-toddler/caring-for-your-baby-or-toddler/how-survive-nights-when-your-toddler-keeps-waking 

8. Seo WH, Park M, Eun SH, Rhie S, Song DJ, Chae KY. My child cannot breathe while sleeping: a report of three cases and review. BMC Pediatr. 2017 Jul 18;17(1):169. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5516313/ 

9. Pattnaik P, Al Khalili Y. Moro reflex [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; [cited 2025 Nov 4]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542173/ 

10. National Health Service. Helping your baby to sleep [Internet]. NHS; [cited 2025 Oct 28]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/baby/caring-for-a-newborn/helping-your-baby-to-sleep/ 

11. Quante M, McGee GW, Yu X, von Ash T, Luo M, Kaplan ER, et al. Associations of sleep-related behaviors and the sleep environment at infant age one month with sleep patterns in infants five months later. Sleep Med. 2022 Jun;94:31-37. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10315002/ 

12. Scher A. Maternal separation anxiety as a regulator of infants’ sleep. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008 Jun;49(6):618-25. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18341549/ 

13. Better Health Victoria. Preventing sleep concerns (0–6 months) [Internet]. Better Health Channel; [cited 2025 Oct 28]. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/preventing-sleep-concerns-babies-0-6-months 

14. MedlinePlus. Bedtime habits for infants and children [Internet]. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2025 Oct 28]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm 

15. HealthyWA. Sleep 3–6 months [Internet]. Western Australia: Department of Health; [cited 2025 Oct 28]. Available from: https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/S_T/Sleep-3-6-months 

16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Safe sleep for babies: Reduce the risk of SIDS and other sleep-related causes of infant death [Internet]. CDC; [cited 2025 Oct 28]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/sudden-infant-death/sleep-safely/index.html 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

Introduction

During the first few months of life, babies go through rapid changes in feeding and digestion, affecting their stool pattern and colour.  

While yellow or light brown stool is most common, green coloured poop may also occur. A large study following over 1,000 healthy infants found that nearly half experienced green-coloured stools at some point within the first 17 weeks, regardless of whether they were breastfed or formula-fed¹.

Often temporary, green poop is usually linked to normal variations in bowel frequency and digestion. For parents, however, the sudden sight of green stools in infants can be concerning. Therefore, understanding what is typical and when it may indicate an issue can help reduce unnecessary worry and guide timely consultation with a doctor. 

Is Green Poop Normal?

Most of the time, your child’s poop will be a familiar shade of brown, which signals healthy digestion. But poop that looks very different in colour can sometimes be a cause for concern. For example, red streaks on toilet paper may simply come from wiping too hard, a small tear, or vaginal bleed in early life, but red-coloured stool itself could point to issues such as intussusception or internal bleeding that need medical attention. 

In babies, however, stool colour can change a lot as they grow. In the first week of life, it often starts off dark green-black and sticky, then turns greener, and later shifts toward yellow, orange, or brown as breast milk or formula feeding continues².

Green baby poop is common in babies and usually associated with feeding and digestive changes. While usually it is nothing to worry about, it’s important to note if the green poop is associated with any other symptoms. A green- coloured poop with good weight gain of infant is typically considered normal. Although, a green poop with fever or vomiting may suggest a gastro-intestinal infection (mostly parasites), while that with blood and mucus is indicative of protein allergies (Cow Milk Protein allergies)³.

However, these issues may become more prominent as the baby grows and usually in newborns, green poop may be considered normal. At this stage, what parents should watch for instead are pale, white, grey, or very light-yellow stools (especially in a baby with jaundice), which do require prompt medical advice. 

Common Causes of Green Poop

Seeing green baby poop can be surprising, but in most cases, it is perfectly normal. Babies’ stools go through many colour changes in the first few months of life as their digestive system develops and as feeding patterns shift. While brown and yellow shades are most common, green stools often occur and are usually harmless³. Some common causes include: 

• Slow digestion: Foods that are harder to digest, such as large amounts of cereal, can slow digestion. This may result in green stools³. 
• Breastfeeding factors: Two types of milk come during breastfeeding, one is foremilk (milk that comes at the beginning of feeding) and the other is hindmilk (milk that comes at the end of feeding). An imbalance may lead to green, frothy stools⁴.
• Diet changes: In older babies and children, green vegetables (like spinach or peas) or foods with artificial colouring/dyes can cause green stools⁵.
• Formula feeding: Iron-fortified formula often gives poop a greenish tint⁵. 
• Certain medical conditions: Illnesses like diarrhoea, stomach infection, malabsorption syndromes, food allergies or some medicines (like antibiotics) may change the stool colour to green⁵.

Green Poop by Age Group

Green poop can vary depending on age, diet, and digestive development. Therefore, understanding how green stools typically present in different age groups can help parents and caregivers know when it is harmless and when medical advice may be needed. 

• Newborns (0 to 1 month): Babies’ first stools, called meconium, are dark green or black and sticky. As feeding begins, stools often turn green, especially in breastfed infants who get more foremilk than hindmilk³.
• Infants (1 to 12 months): Green stools are common as babies transition between breast milk, formula, and the introduction of solid foods. Certain foods, like iron-fortified cereals or green vegetables, can make poop green⁵. Gastrointestinal infections causing green poop may also occur in this age group⁶.
• Toddlers and Young Children (1 to 5 years): Diet has a bigger impact. In this age group, eating large amounts of green vegetables, foods with green colouring, or certain snacks can turn stool green. Mild infections or changes in gut bacteria may also contribute⁵. Malabsorption syndromes may become more prominent⁷.
• Older Children and Adults: Green poop is usually related to diet, such as eating leafy greens, artificially coloured/dyed foods, or taking iron supplements. Additionally, rapid intestinal transit due to mild diarrhoea can cause stools to appear green⁵.

When is Treatment Needed?

Most of the time, green baby poop is harmless and does not require treatment. However, you should consult a doctor if your child has: 

• Persistent green stools with diarrhoea or a change in consistency 
• Blood in the stool or black, tarry stools (after the newborn stage)⁴ 
• Pale, white, or grey stools⁴ 
• Signs of illness such as fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, poor feeding, or dehydration⁶

Note: Treatment, if needed, will depend on the underlying cause, such as an infection, digestive issue, or dietary adjustment. 

How to Prevent Green Poop

Parents often wonder how to stop green poop in babies and maintain normal stool colour.  

So, let us have a look at some home remedies that can help support healthy digestion and reduce green stools naturally: 

1. Ensure Proper Hygiene

Wash hands properly. Ensure to use clean utensils and properly sterilised feeding bottles⁸. 

2. Monitor Feeding Patterns

For breastfed babies, ensure a proper balance of foremilk and hindmilk during feeds. For formula-fed infants, follow recommended preparation guidelines. 

3. Keep Them Hydrated

Adequate fluid intake helps digestion and keeps stools soft. This may help reduce changes in colour due to rapid transit. 

4. Introduce New Foods Gradually

When starting solids, introduce new foods one at a time and continue the same food for at least 2-3 days to observe any effects on stool colour and digestive comfort. 

5. Ensure a Balanced Diet

Include a mix of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in your child’s diet as they grow. Make sure to avoid excessive amounts of foods that could turn stools green, like spinach or iron-fortified cereals.

6. Maintain Good Gut Health 

Introduce regular, age-appropriate meals and snacks, along with probiotics (only if recommended by a paediatrician) to support healthy bowel movements. 

7. Watch for Underlying Issues

Persistent green stools with other symptoms may signal an infection or digestive problem. Therefore, in such cases, seek medical advice promptly². 

Also Read: Colic in Babies: Meaning, Symptoms, Causes, and Effective Treatments 

When to Call the Doctor

After birth, medical staff monitor your baby’s first urination and bowel movement. The first stools, called meconium, are dark green or black and very sticky. If your baby has not passed meconium within 48 hours, further evaluation is needed to check for possible bowel issues³.

While green baby poop is usually harmless, you should consult a doctor if you notice persistent changes accompanied by diarrhoea, blood in the stool, worms in stools, pale or grey-coloured stool, or other unusual symptoms.

Also Read: Why Your Baby Isn’t Sleeping and How to Help Them Sleep Through the Night 

Conclusion

Green stool in infants and children is usually harmless and often linked to diet, feeding patterns, or the speed of digestion. Fortunately, in most cases, it does not require treatment. However, persistent changes, blood in the stool, pale or grey stools, or other warning signs should prompt a medical evaluation.  

Remember, supporting healthy digestion through proper hydration, a balanced diet, and careful monitoring can help maintain your child’s digestive health. 

Also Read: Oral Thrush in Babies: Why It Happens and How to Manage It Safely at Home 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Children’s Health Queensland. What is your child’s poo telling you? [Internet]. Children’s Health Queensland; [cited 2025 Sep 17]. Available from: https://www.childrens.health.qld.gov.au/about-us/news/feature-articles/what-does-my-childs-poo-mean 

2. Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services. The Scoop About Poop [Internet]. Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services; [cited 2025 Sep 17]. Available from: https://dphhs.mt.gov/assets/BHDD/DDP/MedicalDirector/TheScoopaboutPoop050224.pdf 

3. Altmann T, et al., editors. Basic infant care. In: Caring for Your Baby and Young Child: Birth to Age 5. 7th ed. Bantam [Internet]. American Academy of Pediatrics; [cited 2025 Sep 17]. Available from:https://www.aap.org/Caring-for-Your-Baby-and-Young-Child-Birth-to-Age-5-8th-Edition-Paperback?srsltid=AfmBOoqEeMmDJZ383UOeN9nOB6qZnsFVcBIg7wozh9xeMKbbb8KVgc3Y 

4. Jana LA, et al. Poop happens. In: Heading Home With Your Newborn: From Birth to Reality. 4th ed. [Internet]. American Academy of Pediatrics; [cited 2025 Sep 17]. Available from: https://www.aap.org/Heading-Home-With-Your-Newborn-5th-Edition-From-Birth-to-Reality-Paperback?srsltid=AfmBOoquIxjXbrxKt3RtTa9BN0SnRLlA7jYFL_k_7AvQDUdt77x7pY1s 

5. National Guideline Alliance (UK). Signs and symptoms of serious illness in babies: Postnatal care [Internet]. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); [cited 2025 Sep 17] Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK571555/ 

6. Solasaari T, Korpela K, Lommi S, Hyvönen S, Gardemeister S, Merras-Salmio L, Salonen A, de Vos WM, Kolho KL. Bowel function in a prospective cohort of 1052 healthy term infants up to 4 months of age. Eur J Pediatr. 2024 Aug;183(8):3557-3565. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11263225/ 

7. Zuvarox T, Goosenberg E, Belletieri C. Malabsorption Syndromes. Treasure Island [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; [cited 2025 Oct 24]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553106/ 

8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. How to Clean, Sanitize, and Store Infant Feeding Items: Frequently Asked Questions [Internet]. CDC; [cited 2025 Oct 24]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/faq/index.html

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

Introduction

Colds are one of the most common illnesses in young children, especially infants and babies. They may occur due to conditions like infections (viral or bacterial) affecting the nose, throat, or sinuses. Individuals with allergies may also have cold-like symptoms, for example, stuffy or runny nose, sneezing, and watery-itchy eyes^1,3. 

Because there are over a hundred different cold viruses, young children (whose immunity is still developing) often catch several colds each year. This tends to happen more often during the fall and winter seasons¹. 

The good news is that, although colds can be frustrating for both parents and babies, they are usually mild, self-limiting, and clear up on their own within one to two weeks². This period can be uncomfortable for infants, but simple home remedies may help ease symptoms and support natural recovery. 

With this guide, we aim to help parents by providing safe and effective home remedies for colds in babies and infants. 

Common Symptoms of Cold in Infants and Babies

Many parents wonder, “how long do infant colds last?” Colds in infants and babies usually develop gradually and can last from one to two weeks. However, some symptoms, such as a cough, may last a little longer. The most common symptoms of a cold include¹: 

• Runny or stuffy nose (with whitish nasal discharge) 
• Nasal congestion and sneezing 
• Coughing 
• Mild sore throat 
• Breathing sounds suggesting chest congestion 

Some babies may also exhibit a reduced appetite, more tiredness than usual, or develop a mild headache. A low-grade fever (below 38.5°C) may also occur^1,2. 

Usually, all these symptoms are minor and self-limiting. However, because infants and babies have developing immunity, infections that cause mild colds in older children and adults may lead to more serious illnesses in them, for example¹: 

• Croup (hoarse voice, barking cough, noisy breathing) 
• Bronchiolitis (wheezing, rapid or difficult breathing) 
• Swollen neck glands, sore throat, or red eyes 

It is also important to distinguish a cold from the flu. While the two can seem similar, the flu usually begins suddenly and is associated with high fever, chills, body aches, and extreme tiredness. In contrast, colds tend to develop more slowly and are generally milder. Another important point that will help distinguish between the two is that children with colds often still have the energy to play, whereas those with influenza are more likely to be confined to bed². 

Causes of Cold in Infants and Babies

Colds in infants and babies are most often caused by viruses that infect the lining of the nose and throat, leading to inflammation and symptoms. 

Certain risk factors, such as the following, increase the risk of colds in babies¹: 

• Developing immunity: Infants and toddlers have not yet built resistance to the many different cold viruses. 
• Seasonal changes: Colds are more common in the fall and winter seasons when children spend more time indoors. 
• Daycare or preschool attendance: Close contact with many children increases exposure to viruses. 
• Having older siblings: Germs are often brought home from school or play areas by older children. 
• Close contact with infected individuals: Viruses spread easily through coughing, sneezing, or shared items, especially when family members or caregivers are unwell. 
• Surface and hand transmission: Sick individuals can spread viruses by touching toys or surfaces, where the germs may survive for several hours. Children can become infected when they touch these surfaces and then touch their eyes, nose, or mouth. 

Safe and Effective Home Remedies for Cold Relief

Many parents ask, “how to treat infant cold?” Coughing is a normal part of a cold and helps the body clear mucus from the airways. 

While colds usually resolve on their own, certain home remedies for cold in babies can ease symptoms and make babies and children more comfortable. Some non-drug remedies recommended for cold relief include^4,5: 

1. Cool mist humidifier/vaporiser

Helps reduce congestion and makes breathing easier. Avoid warm mist humidifiers, as they may worsen swelling in the nasal passages. 

2. Saline nose drops or sprays

These keep the nasal passages moist, as well as help clear stuffiness. 

3. Nasal suctioning

Using a bulb syringe or similar tool (with or without saline drops) is especially helpful for infants under one year. 

Important Safety Considerations

• Avoid over-the-counter cough and cold medicines in children under 4 years of age as these products may cause serious side effects and accidental overdosing. 
• Always use the provided dosing syringe or cup, not household spoons. 
• Many cough and cold products marketed as “homoeopathic remedies” are available in pharmacies and online, but none are FDA-approved for children⁴. 

How to Care for a Baby With a Cold at Home

Most colds in babies are mild and go away on their own, but the symptoms can make your little one uncomfortable. You can help your baby feel better with these simple home remedies for cold in babies while their body fights the infection⁵: 

• Keep your baby well-hydrated with frequent breastfeeding, formula, or fluids appropriate for their age. 
• Ensure plenty of rest so their body can fight the infection. You can also give saline nasal drops. For older children (not infants), warm steam inhalation, either from a bowl of hot water or shower steam, may also provide relief. 
• Honey can soothe a cough but should only be given to children over one year old. It must never be given to babies under 12 months because of the risk of infant botulism, which can be life-threatening. 

Tips to Prevent Colds in Infants and Babies

While colds are common in young children, parents can take simple steps to reduce the risk of infection and the spread of germs. Some practical prevention tips include¹: 

• Limit exposure: Keep babies under 6 months old away from people who have a cold. 
• Stay up-to-date on vaccines: Routine childhood immunisations help prevent complications such as ear or lung infections. Please note that the flu vaccine protects against influenza but not other cold viruses. 
• Practise good hand hygiene: 
  • Wash your hands after coughing, sneezing, or wiping your nose. 
  • Wash your hands and your child’s hands after wiping their nose. 
  • Wash your hands after direct contact with someone who has a respiratory infection. 
  • When soap and water are not available, use alcohol-based hand sanitisers or moist wipes (keep them out of children’s reach, as they can be harmful if swallowed). 
• Teach healthy habits: Encourage children to cover their mouth and nose with a tissue when sneezing or coughing. Remember to throw used tissues away immediately and wash yours and your child’s hands afterwards. 
• Clean shared toys: Avoid sharing toys that babies put in their mouths until they have been properly cleaned. 
• Daycare precautions: Inform caregivers if your child has cold symptoms and check whether your child should stay home to avoid spreading germs. Parents may want to plan ahead for childcare in case their baby becomes ill. 

Possible Complications

Most colds are mild, harmless, and clear up on their own without lasting effects. However, in some cases, complications may occur, including²: 

• Croup: Inflammation of the larynx (voice box) may lead to hoarseness. Young children can develop croup, which is typically viral and marked by a barking cough, noisy breathing, and mild breathing difficulty. 
• Ear infections: In babies, infants, and toddlers, colds can sometimes spread to the ear, leading to middle ear infections. 
• Tonsillitis: Bacterial throat infections may cause inflammation of the tonsils. 
• Sinus infections: Microbes can spread into the sinuses after a viral cold, leading to sinus infections. 
• Pneumonia (rare): Upper airway infections may occasionally progress to more serious lower respiratory infections like pneumonia. 
• Irritation around the nostrils: This may be caused by frequent wiping of the nose. 

Also Read: Caring for a Baby with Blocked Nose: Simple Tips for Parents 

When to See a Doctor?

Most colds get better on their own, but sometimes medical attention is needed. Seek immediate medical care in the following cases^1,4: 

For infants under 6 months: 

• Trouble breathing due to a blocked nose 
• Difficulty feeding or vomits repeatedly 
• Fever (rectal temperature of 38.5°C or higher) 

For babies and children of all ages, call your doctor or go to the emergency department if your child: 

• Is breathing rapidly or struggling to breathe. 
• Has retractions (pulling in of the skin around the collarbone, neck, or ribs while breathing). 
• Has a bluish tinge to the lips 
• Has coughing spells so severe that they cause choking or vomiting 

These symptoms may indicate pneumonia or bronchiolitis and require immediate medical treatment. 

Contact the doctor if your child shows signs of an ear infection, such as: 

• High fever (especially if it develops a few days after a cold starts) 
• Vomiting 
• Ear pain or tugging at the ear 
• Irritability or unusual crankiness 
• Pus draining from the ear 

Other signs that indicate your child should visit a doctor include: 

• Eyes stuck shut with dried yellow pus (possible eye infection) 
• Excessive sleepiness, refusal to feed or play, or inconsolable fussiness 
• Thick or discoloured (yellow or green) nasal discharge that lasts longer than 10 to 14 days 

Also Read: Green Poop in Babies: Causes, When to Worry, and What Parents Should Know 

Conclusion

Colds are very common in babies and usually clear up on their own with time, rest, and supportive home care. While most symptoms are mild, it is important for parents to know how to ease discomfort, prevent the spread of infection, and recognise warning signs that need medical attention.  

Remember, with proper care and attention, your baby can recover safely and comfortably. 

Also Read: Baby Loose Motion: Causes, Home Remedies, and Effective Ways to Stop It Fast 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Colds in children. Paediatr Child Health. 2005 Oct;10(8):493-5. Availablefrom: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2722603/ 
2. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG). Overview: Common colds[Internet]. InformedHealth.org; [cited 2025Sep 11]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279543/ 
3. Weld.gov. What’s the Difference Between a Cold, the Flu, Seasonal Allergies and COVID-19? [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2025 Oct 28]. Available from: https://www.weld.gov/files/sharedassets/public/departments/human-services/documents/senior-solutions-winter-newsletter-2020.pdf. 
4. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Should You Give Kids Medicine for Coughs and Colds? [Internet]. Food and Drug Administration; 2024 [cited 2025 Sep 18]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/should-you-give-kids-medicine-coughs-and-colds 
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Manage Common Cold [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2024 [cited 2025 Sep 18]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/common-cold/treatment/index.html 
6. Drug Office, Department of Health, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Medicines for Cough and Common Cold in Children [Internet]. Department of Health; 2024 [cited 2025 Sep 18]. Available from: https://www.drugoffice.gov.hk/eps/do/en/consumer/news_informations/dm_36.html 
7. Goldman RD; Canadian Paediatric Society, Drug Therapy and Hazardous Substances Committee. Treating cough and cold: Guidance for caregivers of children and youth. Paediatr Child Health. 2011 Nov;16(9):564-9. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3223897/ 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

Introduction

Making sure kids have strong immunity is usually at the top of every parent’s to-do list. Strong, healthy bodies are key to keeping illness at bay. The role that good eating and good nutrition play in this is critical. This article will help you choose the best immune-strengthening foods for your child. We will also explore their benefits, how to include them in meals, and working towards a healthier lifestyle. Join us on this journey of unravelling how the right diet and parental guidance can significantly improve your child’s health and immunity.

Immunity Boosting Foods

Every parent wishes to fortify their child’s immunity with the right foods. So, here is a list of excellent immunity-boosting foods for children that are easily available in your home. Remember, the secret lies in variety – the broader the range of nutrients, the better!

1. Almonds

Almonds can do wonders for your child’s health. One can’t list their benefits and not mention immune boost! This nut is a good source of vitamin E and manganese. Together, they boost your child’s defence against diseases¹.

How to serve almonds to your child? It’s easy!

• Give them as a quick snack
• Layer almond butter on apple slices, celery sticks or whole-grain toast or simple roti
• Sprinkle almond slivers on yogurt, oatmeal, or salads

2. Berries

Berries are filled with antioxidants such as vitamin C and flavonoids. These help ward off harmful free radicals, thereby strengthening your child’s immune system. Be it strawberries, blueberries, raspberries or blackberries, all are good options. Don’t worry if there are no fresh berries available, frozen ones have the same nutritional value, provided they are naturally frozen and are not sugar-laced^2,4.

Want some tips on how to add berries in your kid’s meals?

• Mix them in yogurt, cereal, oatmeal or any porridge that your child eats
• Spread them on top of whole-grain pancakes or waffles

• Whip up a vibrant fruit salad mixing other immunity-boosting fruits.

3. Yogurt

Did you know yogurt contains probiotics, the good bacteria that support a healthy gut? A robust gut microbiome means a strong immune system, so yogurt should be a choice for immune-boosting food. Choose plain, unsweetened yogurt to steer clear of added sugars, which could negatively impact immune function^1,5.

Easy ways to serve yogurt to your little ones:

• Serve it as a snack, plain or with a drizzle of honey and some fruits
• Blend it into a smoothie with berries, spinach, and a banana
• Use it as a base for veggie dips like tzatziki or ranch or simple hung curd dips with herbs

4. Salmon

Salmon is rich in omega-3 fatty acids that not only help brain development but also slow down inflammation and bolster immune function. Studies indicate that omega-3s can improve the action of immune cells. This makes salmon a prime choice for boosting your child’s immunity³.

How to make salmon child-friendly? Here are a few suggestions:

• Bake it with a sweet glaze, like maple or teriyaki sauce
• Make salmon patties or fish tacos sided with colourful veggies or simply bake or grill salmon fillets
• Mix cooked and crumbled salmon into pasta with a light, creamy sauce

5. Eggs

Eggs may not be known for immune-boosting properties, but they should be. They’re packed with essential nutrients like vitamin D. Deficiency of vitamin D can weaken the immune system. Eggs also offer other immune-strengthening nutrients like B vitamins and selenium. Thus, eggs are a must in your child’s plate^1,6.

Fun ways to put eggs on your kids’ plate:

• Whip up a veggie-packed omelet or frittata
• Bake egg muffins filled with cheese, spinach, and tomatoes
• Make hard boil eggs for an easy, take-along snack, or scrambled eggs or bhurji
  

6. Broccoli

When talking about nutrition kings, we have broccoli, which is filled with immune-enhancing vitamins and minerals. Think of vitamin C, A, E, and so many antioxidants. Adding broccoli to your child’s meals helps their bodies fight disease effectively^1,7.

Here are some fun ways to serve broccoli to your kids:

• Steam and lightly spice it as a side dish
• Roast it with a bit of Parmesan cheese for a tasty treat
• Add it to pasta dishes like Alfredo or baked ziti

Look at the below table as a brief on the benefits of each food mentioned above:

Additional Foods for Immune Support

Apart from immunity-boosting foods, some other foods also boost your child’s immune system. Let’s delve into these bonus foods and see how you could make them a part of your child’s diet.

1. Citrus Fruits

Citrus fruits like oranges, grapefruits and lemons are popular for their high vitamin C content. Vitamin C helps with white blood cell production and helps guard against infections.8 Indian Gooseberry or Amla is a notable citrus fruit high in vitamin C⁹.

How to add citrus fruits into your child’s meals?

• Press fresh orange juice for a refreshing morning drink
• Drop cut orange slices into a fruit salad or yogurt parfait
• Grind lemon zest into whole-grain muffins or chicken dishes
  

2. Dark Leafy Greens

Spinach, kale, Swiss chard and such greens are nutritional powerhouses that include nutrients like vitamins A, C, and folate. These greens can boost your child’s immune system when included in their meals¹⁰.

Here are a few ways to get your kids to eat leafy greens:

• Slip them into smoothies for a sneaky boost of essential nutrients
• Use them in pasta dishes, stir-fries, or soups and stews
• Bake them into frittatas, quiches, or breakfast muffins

3. Garlic

Garlic has antibacterial traits and has been a home remedy for a myriad of ailments over centuries. Modern research says, garlic may support immune function. That’s why it’s a good idea to make it part of your kid’s food¹¹.

How to add garlic to your little one’s meals?

• Add minced garlic in tomato sauces for pasta
• Use garlic and herb seasoning on roasted chicken or vegetables
• Drizzle garlic infused olive oil over just steamed veggies or soups

A recap on the benefits of these additional foods lies in the following table:

Tips for Boosting Immunity with Foods

Boosting your child’s immunity is not just about feeding them specific foods. Creating a healthy immune system involves a balanced and varied approach to eating and overall health. Use the following tips to help build your child’s immune system from within.

A Balanced Diet

• Focus on variety in your child’s meals.
• Foster a blend of fruits, veggies, whole grains, and lean proteins.
• Rotate foods regularly to ensure your child gets a wide range of nutrients¹².

Encouraging a Healthy Lifestyle

• Encourage physical activity by being an active role model and getting involved in your child’s activities.
• Teach your children the importance of good self-care and hygiene habits¹².

Avoiding Processed Foods

• Learn about the pitfalls of processed food and teach your child the same.
• Opt for healthier snack and meal options such as fresh fruits, veggies, and whole grains¹².

Conclusion

Nutrition plays a vital role in creating and maintaining robust immunity in children. Offering your kids a variety of immune-boosting foods every day lays the groundwork for ongoing health and overall well-being. These nutritious options enable strong immune responses and foster healthy eating patterns over time.

Parental guidance – from cooking immune-supporting meals to encouraging a balanced life, your active role engaging with your child’s health truly makes a difference. This lays the foundation for lifelong health, helping children develop healthy habits, a strong immune system, and a positive relationship with food from an early age.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

References

1. Deo Narayan Singh, Bohra JS, Tej Pratap Dubey, Pushp Raj Shivahre, Ram Kumar Singh, Singh T, et al. Common foods for boosting human immunity: A review. Food Science and Nutrition. 2023 Aug 18;11(11):6761–74. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10630845/
2. Superfoods? Super Good for You. [Internet]. Montgomerycountypa.gov. 2022 [cited 2025 Oct 9]. Available from: https://www.montgomerycountypa.gov/Blog.aspx?IID=126
3. Mendivil CO. Dietary Fish, Fish Nutrients, and Immune Function: A Review. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2021 Jan 20;7. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7855848/
4. Golovinskaia O, Wang CK. Review of Functional and Pharmacological Activities of Berries. Molecules [Internet]. 2021 Jan 1;26(13):3904. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8271923/
5. Lisko D, Johnston G, Johnston C. Effects of Dietary Yogurt on the Healthy Human Gastrointestinal (GI) Microbiome. Microorganisms. 2017 Feb 15;5(1):6. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5374383/
6. Myers M, Ruxton S. Eggs: Healthy or Risky? A Review of Evidence from High Quality Studies on Hen’s Eggs. Nutrients [Internet]. 2023 Jun 7;15(12):2657–7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10304460/
7. Syed RU, Moni SS, Khaled M, Khojali WMA, Jafar M, Alshammari MD, et al. Broccoli: A multi-faceted vegetable for health: An in-depth review of its nutritional attributes, antimicrobial abilities, and anti-inflammatory properties. Antibiotics [Internet]. 2023;12(7):1157–7. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10376324/
8. Miles EA, Calder PC. Effects of Citrus Fruit Juices and Their Bioactive Components on Inflammation and Immunity: A Narrative Review. Frontiers in Immunology [Internet]. 2021 Jun 24;12. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8264544/
9. Gul M, Liu ZW, Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Rabail R, Faheem F, Walayat N, et al. Functional and Nutraceutical Significance of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica L.): A Review. Antioxidants [Internet]. 2022 May 1;11(5):816. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9137578/
10. Khalid W, Arshad MS, Ranjha MMAN, Różańska MB, Irfan S, Shafique B, et al. Functional constituents of plant-based foods boost immunity against acute and chronic disorders. Open Life Sciences [Internet]. 2022 Sep 8;17(1):1075–93. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9462539/
11. Arreola R, Quintero EO, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Carrera-Quintanar L, et al. Immunomodulation and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Garlic Compounds. Journal of Immunology Research [Internet]. 2015;2015(401630):1–13. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4417560/
12. Encourage Healthy Eating Habits | HeadStart.gov [Internet]. HeadStart.gov. 2023 [cited 2025 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.headstart.gov/nutrition/article/encourage-healthy-eating-habits